Critically review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Critically review - Essay ExampleThe fashion shows run by Hussein Chalayan in exhibiting his foundings carries an exceptional sense of style and character. For instance, most of his fashion shows have a characteristic sets that are minimal, as well as, exhibit a certain sense of suspense in the mood. Hussein does not stop at anything to dazzle the world with his wonderful designs, especially considering the elements of geometric structures, urban architecture, as well as, contemporary interiors incorporated in them. His shows explore a certain sense of theoretical and conceptual designs that play expose behind his garments across the organic structure of the models used for the fashion design. This, in fact, is one of the winning strategies that Hussein uses to beat his competitors to the prize especially in most of the fashion show competitions he participates. The gentle wind and glamour of his designs always put him ahead of other designers, making him one of the hottest desig ners in the fashion industry.One of the most reveling fashion design exhibitions played out by Hussein was in January 22, 2009. In fact, the media, such as the Daily Telegraph, terms this fashion exhibition as a Beautifully Orchestrated put down. This fashion design was at the London Museum of Modern Art and attracted partners and stakeholders from the vast fashion industry. As the expert he was, Hussein did not disappoint his audience, and as such, left the media partners both dazed and confused from his meticulous pieces of designs, covering different cultural aspects, themes, innovation and creativity, as well as, an avid mind of incorporating technology and design in his creations.The fashion show development incorporated the most contemporary fashion designs with his pieces leading the forefront. He was meticulous as always, with his incorporation of the most forward-looking attitudes towards the

Discussing the benefits of e-communications in integrated marketing Essay

Discussing the benefits of e-communications in integrated grocery storeing communications - Essay ExampleThe inter-dependence of the various elements within the governing body has vast potential to establish a market that is sustainable as well as mutually satisfying. IMC, through e-communication greatly facilitates the success of the existing and new intersections and therefore needs to become intrinsic get down of market strategy of the organizations.The core business strategy of any business heavily relies on the market strategy that facilitates its products and services to meet the needs and requirements of the community at large. According to Shultz, McCarthys principles of 4Ps of market have outgrown their effectiveness in the present age of entropy technology. In the past, the 4Ps (product, price, place and promotion) of marketing strategy were exceedingly relevant mainly because of the three reasons There was lack of variety within the products people were exposed to l imited means of publicity and promotional activities were more localized (Shultz, 2001). Therefore, under the given restrained parameters, the strategy satisfied both the customers and the retailers.The equation is drastically changed in the contemporary times. Today, the technological advancements have brought forth an explosion of information that is easily accessible to public through the internet and other media like television, radio, mobile phones etc. The internet has made it easy for the customers to become aware of the product details including its availability at competitive prices which has precipitated the need to develop a whole new perspective for a new marketing technique. Integrated marketing communication therefore, becomes the most vital part of market strategy for all organizations to maintain a competitive edge over their rivals. The inter-dependence of the various elements within the system has vast potential to establish a market that is sustainable as well as mutually satisfying.Kotler has

The dogs Essay Example for Free

The dogs EssayThe outdoors contains many wonders that a child explores throughout the early years of life therefore, a persons childhood tends to position his path for the future. As a result, occurrences seen on an average day sitting at school, exploring in the woods, or examining the stars have the effectiveness to be life changing. An American Childhood (Dillard), Two Views of a River (Twain), and Listening (Welty) all allocate this thought, yet the works juxtapose each other with various morals. Annie Dillard writes of the expectations of her to return after completing college and settling in the same town in which she resides her entire life before attending college It crawled down the driveway toward Shadyside, unrivaled of the several sections of town where people like me were expected to settle after college, renting an apartment until they married one of the boys and bought a house (2). Dillard feels essentially unpermitted to offer her horizon of a future. She bel ieves she had been restricted too early and therefore Dillard feels she is not allowed to live up to her possible potential.Mark Twain, on the other hand, writes of the river and its influence upon him This sunniness means that we are going to have wind tomorrow that floating log means that the river is rising, small thanks to it that slanting mark on the irrigate refers to a bluff reef which is going to kill somebodys steamboat one of these nights if it keeps on stretching out like that . (1) Within his piece, Twain wonders if he were to have noticed all the diminutive and revealing things of the river as a child, whether it would have foreshadowed the future from the perspective from which he sees the past now.Twain wishes he had reckon the river further as a child rather than simply viewing it as an effortless beauty. Eudora Welty also writes of her childhood, explaining her love for the sky and all that dwells within it. She states, I could see the full continues

Portfolio Analysis Essay Example for Free

Portfolio Analysis EssayABSTRACTThis paper discusses the portfolio compend. The paper includes a brief discussion on the meaning of the portfolio and why it is important for an investor to consider portfolio. It excessively explains how an investor would select a particular asset to be a part of his portfolio. The limitations and disadvantages of having a portfolio analysis is also discussed in the last paragraphs of the paper.An investor or entrepreneur must study where he or she must invest in. These assets are combined in order to maximize the return of investment of the investor and entrepreneur. The combination of these assets, according to Weston and Copeland (1992) can be called a portfolio. The aim of an investor is to maximize their investments. Weston and Copeland (1992) believe in applying the portfolio theory to optimize the selection of assets. to each one portfolio has a certain degree of lay on the line and advantages.The weighted average of the returns of the individual assets is done in order to compute for the rate of return of the portfolio. A risk of a portfolio is the combination of all assets. The risk of the portfolio is different from the asset if it is held in isolation. A particular asset can be considered as very questioning if it is held in isolation. However, this whitethorn not be so if it is combined with the other assets. Rather, these assets may contribute largely to an optimal portfolio of the investor. The risk of a particular portfolio depends on the risk factors of the assets.Litterman and Winkemann (1996) had noted that investors select their portfolio depending on the benchmark or the standard that they had set. The benchmark depends on the selection of the investors. These can be a liability stream, death penalty index or cash return. Experts are trying to understand the risk of assets and portfolio. Littermann and Winkelmann (1996) had recommended the use of risk factors. One of the most important risk factor s that the investors must looked extinct for is the market exposure of the portfolio. This makes the risk of portfolio very unpredictable that is why investors are expected to risk their assets when they are managing their portfolio and are deciding on where to put their money.The analysis of ones portfolio is important in its management. Through the analysis of the portfolio an investor can estimate the return or the loss that a particular asset may contribute. Having been able to study the portfolio does not mean a total success because as stated above, investing is a risk and an investor decides based on uncertainty. in that respect may be cases that an investor had chosen the wrong combination of assets that may result to losses. Every businesses are exposed to risk and the parcel of failing is not fixed. An investor may estimate that the percentage of success is 75% and the percentage of failure is 25%.However, this may not be the case. It could be the other way around. Fail ure percentage can be higher than that of the success depending on the events that may happen. Even though the investors have uncovered all the risk factors that is connected with the success of the investment, on that point could be other complications that can occur once the investment had already been decided. Investing in stocks and bonds are also a part of the portfolio. There is no fixed amount of return concerning stocks. A particular company stock may be high now but because of matters in the economy or problems in the company it could go very low. The limitations of having the portfolio analysis is that the computation of the portfolio may now approach the benchmark of the investor however, there could be times that the portfolio of an investor changes because of the risk factors in the market.REFERENCESLittermann R. and Winkelmann K. 1996. Managing Market Exposure. Retrieved last February 20, 2008 from Goldman Sachs. Website http//faculty.fuqua.duke.edu/charvey/Teaching/I ntesaBci_2001/GS_Managing_market_exposure.pdfWeston, J. and Copeland, T. 1992. Managerial Finance 9th edition. Dryden Press. United States ofAmerica.

Truman Show Essay Example for Free

Truman Show EssaySociety watches and is attracted to these verbalizes because they are supposed to relate to ordinary peoples lives. Even though it appears that their real lives are performing out on television, it is not as real as it seems when compared to peoples real lives. These actors have nothing to fear. They have security guards surrounding them when shoot the show. They do not have to pay for anything because the company pays for their needs and wants. The director cuts and edits the clips to show the adience how he wants the actors lives and show to appear. The only difference between the reality shows of instantly and the Truman show is that Truman was not aware that he was part of a show. In todays reality shows, the actors are very aware of their surroundings and pomp behavior that will make the shows more amusing to their audience. Trumans world was in a way almost a utopia with no worries and no fear. It was, however, repetitive. both day was the same. There were no difficult choices to make much like reality television is portrayed today. The decisions they make and the outcomes do not truly contrive what would happen if an ordinary person does the same.The actors in todays reality television have welcomed the public eye to see everything they are doing, but this isnt true for everyone in parliamentary procedure. While the rest of the society hasnt invited anyone to track their actions, government and other organizations are already doing this in many ways. These groups have the power to put up surveillance cameras to track when people are in different locations. They can track internet, credit card and cell phone usage. When change of location by a cell tower, for example, the tower stores the location information in a database. It is ready to be revealed to any government official when solicited (ACLU).Purchases can be tracked, along with, vacations, hotel stays, etc. According to an article written by Daniel J. Solove, for The Ch ronicle of higher(prenominal) Education, the most common response to privacy advocates is Only if youre doing something vituperate should you worry, and then you dont deserve to keep it private. (cite ). The problem with the government collecting private information goes beyond someone doing right or wrong. near of the problems resulting from collecting and using personalised data include the fact that people do not know that this data is being collected about them.They cannot make an issue if they do not know this technology exists. Another problem with government gathering and using personal data is the distortion of the data. It often fails to ring the whole person and can paint an untrue picture (Chronicle). Privacy is not typically lost with one major action, but it occurs over cartridge holder with many pieces of information being collected and used to make assumptions about a person. The question is can it be stopped? The best way to retard down the invasion of privac y is to be careful of the information a person is freely giving out, especially on the internet.Information provided in emails, Facebook, on-line(a) shopping sites, use of credit-cards, or completing surveys for a free-gift all contribute to an ongoing database of personal information. Consumers can continue to express their opinions with government representatives on how this personal information is collected and used. Those who want an increase in privacy should encourage the policy makers to look at the spending programs, regulatory agencies, privacy-invading regulations and investigative agencies for influence (Privacilla).The Truman show portrays the government or creator as having all personal information of Truman and is able to influence and control his entire life. This is not a future that society wishes to imitate. Bibliography ACLU. American Civil Liberties Union. American Civil Liberties Union. ACLU, n. d. Web. 12 May 2013. Privacilla. Welcome to Privacilla. org. Wel come to Privacilla. org. Privacilla, 3 June 2012. Web. 12 May 2013. Solove, Daniel J. Why Privacy Matters. The Chronicle of Higher Education. Chronicle Review, 15 May 2011. Web. 12 May 2013.

The Intensity Of Agglutination

The Intensity Of AgglutinationAntibodies argon proteins produced during bodies defence against foreign antigens and they are driven from plasma booths. In the event of an immune response B lymphocytes initiate the production of immunoglobulin M antibody. In comparison to other immunoglobulins immunoglobulin M is the largest and earliest antibody available in response to an antigen (Bailey Johnson, 2006). The large structure of this antibody is because it consists of an additional dry land in its constant area (Overfield et al, 2007). This antibody has a polymeric structure it consists of heavy and light chains. The binding mingled with two heavy chains or between heavy and light chains is facilitated via the disulphide bond. immunoglobulin M antibody has a pentameric structure consisting of five subunits. These subunits are joined together via a disulphide bond which occurs between the Fc region and the intersubunit, interasubunit- J chain. Two fab antigen binding sites are avai lable on each IgM monomer and since IgM has a pentameric structure ten Fab antigen binding sites are available that crowd out potentially interact with ten antigens (Overfield et al, 2007)(Khurana, 2006). The initial aim of this practical was to discover if red blood cell antigens can interact with IgM anti-D (Rh) antibody and weather as a burden of this interaction agglutinating activity occurs. The second aim was to discover weather dithiothreitol (DTT) reducing agents is capable of altering the structure of IgM antibody at different concentration therefrom affecting the level of agglutinating activity and finally to discover if indirect anti-IgM antibody is capable of facilitating agglutination. The large and pentameric structure of IgM antibody can potentiate the possibility of its interaction with red blood cell antigens resulting in formation of agglutination.Material MethodFor instructions on how to conduct the experiment with the pertinent materials used please refer to the practical schedule. The concentrations of DTT added to the nine tubes where as following (0.001, 0.002, 0.003, 0.004, 0.005, 0.006, 0.007, 0.008, 0.009 0.01).ResultsTable 1 The above table illustrates the number of tubes labelled from 1-10 and the concentrations of DTT in (Mol/L). As illustrated in the above table the witness tube which is tube 1 leave outed DTT while tubes which were numbered as (2, 3, 4, 5, 6 7) consisted of different concentrations of DTT as shown here (0.001, 0.002, 0.003, 0.004, 0.005, 0.006 0.007). tally to the for the first time observation results tubes numbered 1-7 expressed signs of agglutination as indicated by a positive sign (+). Instead tubes numbered (8, 9 10) which had the following DTT concentrations (0.007, 0.008 0.009) expressed no indications of agglutination hence they were marked as negative (-). Due to time limitations results for the second antibody labelling could not be obtained.DiscussionThe intensity of agglutination in these tubes depended on the concentration of DTT. The control tube which is tube 1 is DTT deficient which is accompanied with agglutination. Tubes labelled 2-7 express different concentrations of DTT starting from the lowest hence escalating slowly. In these tubes agglutination is still ascertained since the effect of DTT is still not strong enough to break the bonds expressed in IgM antibody while as the concentration of DTT escalates further in tubes 8-10 agglutination is not evidenced. DTT is a reducing agent capable of mediating intersubunit and interasubunit-J chain cleavage hence facilitating IgM subunit (22) synthesis (Kownatzki Drescher, 1973). As the concentration of DTT escalates its mental ability to break these bonds with greater intensity increases as seen in tubes 8-10 leash to greater IgM subunit formation (22) and lessens the possibility of antigen antibody interaction hence lack of agglutination. In addition DTT affects the structure of IgM heavy and light chains by pr eventing them from unfolding and causes this chain too separate accordingly leading to agglutination deficiency. A continuous raise in DTT concentration as evidenced in tubes 8-10 causes a decline the probability of disulphide bonds from resuming their function in IgM antibody (Valetti Sitia, 1994). tally to the study conducted by (Marrodan et al, 2001 Morris et al, 1974) DTT reducing agent restrains agglutination from occurring by facilitating the disulphide bond located in the IgM antibody to break. In addition the 19 S IgM antibody is cleaved by DTT into a 7S subunit. The 7S antibody subunits are rendered incapable of maintaining IgM antibodys function and therefore wont be able to interact with red blood cell antigens leading to lack of agglutination (Knight, 1978).Due to time limitation for the experiment results for the second antibody labelling could not be obtained. According to (Overfield et al, 2007) the lacking agglutination as a consequence of DTT effect can be revers ed by adding anti-IgM antibody hence signs of agglutination will appear but the design of agglutination will depend on whether the IgM antibody subunits have maintained their ability to bind to red blood cells antigen or due to high level of DTT concentration they have been completely deformed.According to the study conducted by (Emmerich et al, 2006) IgM antibody can be used in the diagnosis of Lassa virus infection which is highly predominant in western sandwich African patients. This diagnosis is achieved via using reverse enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) technique to identify anti-Lassa IgM antibody. The result of this study implemented that via using reverse ELISA in 20 patients with sign of fever high level of anti-Lassa IgM antibody was diagnosed indicating the presence of the Lassa virus. In a study conducted by (Varsano et al, 1995) the presence of IgM antibody against respiratory syncytial virus antigen (RSV) was examined in 145 patients via using the ELISA technique. Accordin g to the result of this study ELISA-IgM antibody detection is a highly efficient method in the diagnosis of RSV at early stage of the disease. In another(prenominal) study by (Tsuda et al, 2001) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to detect for the presence of IgM antibody against TT virus (TTV) in the diagnosis of human being circovirus. The result of this experiment suggests that healthy volunteers were defective of anti-TTV IgM antibody whereas infected individuals showed signs of its presence suggesting that this method is beneficial for diagnosis aims of human circovirus.Immunoglobulin cleavage can be triggered via the action of different enzymes or chemicals. Papain is an enzyme that cleaves IgG antibody into three segments of FC, heavy and light chains. Furthermore IgM antibody can be cleaved by pepsin enzyme either into an antibody that weights less accompanied with FC fragments (Rudmann, 2005)(Svehag et al, 1969). Protease enzyme is driven from Neisseria go norrhoeae bacteria capable of cleaving IgA antibody (Pouedras et al, 1992). According to (Akesson et al, 2006) streptococcus pyogenes bacteria is responsible in mediating diseases much(prenominal) as gotonsillitis, septicaemia and it intervenes its action by causing IgG antibody cleavage via using an enzyme called Ides. The action of this virus is to insure that the antibody is unavailable to destroy the bacteria. Furthermore trypsin is another enzyme capable of cleaving IgM antibody at temperature above 50 C leading to different FC fragment synthesis (Andrew et al, 1970).ConclusionNormally red blood cell antigens are capable of interacting with IgM antibody resulting in agglutination while in the presence of DTT reducing agent this binding is inhibited leading to lack of agglutination. The extent of this inhibition will depend on the concentration of DTT and the extend of IgM J chain, interchain intrachain cleavage via DTT. The greater the concentration of DTT the stronger its ef fect is on this chain which lessens the likelihood of this chain regaining their binding capacity hence their ability to regain antigen binding activity. The concept of antigen antibody binding can be used for the diagnosis purpose of many diseases.

Managing Human Resources In Modern Business

Managing Human Resources In Modern BusinessHuman Resource guidance is a counseling of heed that links people-related activities to the strategy of a product line concern line enterprise or organisation. HRM is often referred to as strategic HRM. It has several goalsTo meet the exigencys of the business and management (rather than just serve the interests of employees)To link compassionate resource strategies / policies to the business goals and objectivesTo find offices for human resources to add value to a businessTo garter a business gain the commitment of employees to its set, goals and objectivesThe link amongst Human Resources and Business StrategyAll elements of the business strategy eat up implications for human resources, as illustrated in the table be measly. The challenge for management is to identify and respond to these HR challengesExamples of Key Strategy IssuesPossible Human Resource ImplicationsWhat markets should the business compete in?What expertise is required in these markets? Do existing management and employees have the right experience and skillsWhere should the business be located to compete optimally?Where do we need our people? How many do we need?How kindle we achieve improvements in our unit production constitutes to remain competitive?How productive is the men currently? How does this compare with competitors? What investment in the bestowforce (e.g. training, recruitment) and their equipment is required to achieve the desired improvement in productivity?How bear the business effect heathen replace?What are the current values of the workforce. How can the prevailing culture be influenced/changed to protagonist implement a change programme?How can the business respond to rapid technological change in its markets?What technological skills does the business currently possess? What additional skills are needed to respond to technological change? Can these skills be acquired through training or do they need to be recruited?An important dampen of HRM is the Human Resources Plan. The purpose of this plan is to give aside the strategic requirements of the business in terms of manpower and then to find a way of meeting the required demand for labour.Human resource management can be identifying in direction of Hard-Soft and Loose-Tight. HRM has both side hard (tight) and soft (loose).Soft HRM in an important strategic planning come oning it will show the telephoner the path of further where its like a shot what need to be done in proximo and it can be well defined as a future planning procedure a ripening in HRM. The components of SOFT HRM are categorized asDefining where the fellowship is nowIdentification of where the federation is now and what its strengths and weakness is an important component for soft HRM in decision making. With turn up a proper sagaciousness of the alliances present situation HRM can non be continued else it will annul up with a mess.Defining where the kee p go with want to be in the future.A proper forecast of the future is an essential component not simply for HRM provided withal for any early(a)wise management function. This will break a guide to human resource and its easy to make decisions and plans. digest of the foreign environment.Environment is an important fact to business beca using up environment consists of people who some time company identify them as customers and sometimes as employees. The knowledge of orthogonal environment will give company opportunities and threads.HRM is managing people the source where people come from is the external environment so analysis is an important fact.Plans to implement essential changes.After identification of the company present, future progress and the external environment company can take HRM decisions which are necessary to the company. This will be very(prenominal) useful to a company in planning decisions such as recruitment and cost management.The determination of ty pe of works need to be carried come come initiation of the closet by workers are recognized as HARD HRM. In human resource management a proper level of activities are need to be substantiate. There might be different departments in a company and it doesnt want all departments to be efficient. HARD HRM activities can be categorized asForecasting of employeesA certain number of employees are needed to be in the company to carry out day to day work and to give out the expected out put in a abandoned period. The forecast of demand in future about the product and services makes employee changes.Analysis of employeesAnalysis of the current working employees within the company makes the company future demand plans on product or grant. This will also effect on the future recruitmentsMonitoring and reviewing employeesHR activities are practically monitored and review of the existing employees is important in order to get a triumphful HRM in a company.Human resource is an asset to a c ompany some companies dont know how to handle it. According to Storey (1995) HRM is A distinctive approach to mesh management which seek to achieve competitive proceedss through the strategic deployment of a naughtyschoolly committed capable work force using an integrated array of cultural, structural and personnel techniques.He as defined Personnel management as A series of activities which first enable working people and their employing organization to consort about the objectives and the nature of their working relationship and secondary ensure that agreement is fulfilled.According to the above definition we can understand that HRM is a resource centred and PM is work centred which mean that , according to HRM its main focuses is on recruiting people to work and managing them as management need and PM focuses on the employee work, giving them goals, employee arrangement to work and arranging them to be paid.According to David Guest there is a frame work for HRM in a compan y which is called as customer model. The model can be achieved a superior individual and organizational transaction. If companys HRM practises are applied in to the model that will produce an excellent individual performance.UnileverSince 1885 Unilever has matureed dramatically and as a result of that the company has lasted for more than 100 years. Although Unilever wasnt formed until 1930, the companies that joined forces to create the business we know today were already well complete before the start of the 20th century.In 1990 Unilevers founding companies produced products made of oils and fats, principally soap and margarine. At the beginning of the 20th century their expansion nearly outstrips the supply of raw materials. First World War affected the company in 1910 through tough economic conditions. Lot of companies at that time tried to musical accompaniment their investors interest in Their bon ton and not loose them.In 1920 when this situation turns up side d have whe n business expanding fast all the companies agreed not to manufacture same product in order to have profit, as a result of this the company named U NILEVER was created. The business didnt start as a flash it had been formed in a critical era of world war and in economical crisis stages. The turning point for unilever was in 1940 when they expand their business internationally and continues to do further investments in research and development.They mainly focused on the food market which was a great business at that time. With the come out of European Economic Community in 1950s the standard of living has rose and new markets were opened unilever made that as a advantage and outright get in to the global market.In 1970s Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) sector had been very difficult economic condition to manage and the inflation was high the company had to change their view and to change their influence in business. In 1980s the company however manage to be the one of the world b iggest companies, and at that time the companys main focus was in the products and brand names.With a clear mission in the 21st century company has launched a path to growth, a five-year strategic plan, and in 2004 further sharpens its focus on the needs of 21st century-consumers with its Vitality mission.Unilever new missionto meet everyday needs for nutrition, hygiene, and personal deal with brands that help people feel good, look good, and get more out of vitalityThe new mission of the company provides a new entry to consumer health and life style through good manufacture process to their needs. This mission was launched in 2004 mainly focusing on bringing Vitality to lifeUNILIVER BRANDSUNILEVER GUEST MODELHRM StrategyThe focus of Unilever is to recruit the best employee to the company which will produce high level of out come with good quality. Unilever has more than 100,000 employees and the cost of employee recruitment is very high and the salary is also the same, so as a result in some branches unilever has decided to reduce the number of employees to maintain the cost.HRM PracticeEach year Unilever has been designed more than 10,000 new jobs and the process of selection is getting rough. Since E- recruitment has been invented Unilever has chosen that in recruitment process and that has inclined the company the best employees and that will ensure the security of employees. The existing employees will be rewarded with salary incensement and other benefits.HRM Out comesThe flexibility in company is very high and there are lot of part-time workers than fixed workers in the production unit. The reason for that is most of the production unit was in Asian countries and the labour is cheaper than European countries and they work either contract basis or part time. Though employees work flexibly the qualities of products have been in a good standard.Behaviour out comeThe company has spread over 150 countries and each has been producing same products in fou r major business criteria and all are working harder in order to achieve future goals. The company motivation is to improve employee skills so that in turn it will benefit the company.Performance outcomeThough the company has spread around the world with more than 100,000 employees, the labour turnover is very high and complains of employee dissatisfaction is very high. Unilever in UK has the best productivity rate than any other unilever round the world. Due to low quality of out put in products customer complaints are increasing and as a result the company has to analyse the mistakes and re arrange the production plan which will cost an extra.Financial OutcomeThe labour cost maintains will reduce the extra cost that company has to hold and that will give a profit to company. Each year company will produce about 5 billion net income. evaluation of the GUEST modelThe guest model is an important measure to be use to get knowledge about HRM in a company. The main advantage of the modu le is that it critically classifies the HRM input and out puts and its easy to study the companys Key HRM strategies.Unilever is a multinational company and the module is rather complicated to calculate the specific HRM strategic and its rather concern on individual performance than social index. close to concepts such as commitment and involvement are a mess. much(prenominal) concepts cannot be measured or identified because the company is widely spread. The company more prefer the Legge module than guest model because its complicated and some concepts custom match with the company. Module is efficient in calculating the human recourse management within the company and its a summary of what HRM style the company but in case of multinational company like Unilever cannot get through this process perfectly because of that the company has spread all over the world and as one unit company cannot collect the sufficient data and if company performance and the nature is always defer f rom one country to another.Task 2Today flexibility in the work environment is considered important. Taking yourorganization as an example, review and discuss the ways of create flexibilitywithin the workFlexibility in work is an important key to a company, if the company need employee attraction and not to lose them. Flexibility means the way of working, which means that flexibility can be bandstandd on time and location. The flexibility in work can be categorized as go ons dampen-Time WorkersPart time workers are cheaper to recruit and they are not permanent and cannot involve in management procedures. The rights of part time workers are limited.2. Fixed/Short-Term take on WorkersWorkers who are taken at a specified period as the company need.3. Outside Contractors/ Sub ContractorsGroup of workers or individual worker requites from out side the company for a special work at a specific time.4. Self Employed labourPeople who work for an exact company as a egotism employed basis .5. AgenciesAgencies which supply employees to companies which seeks for labour.6. Get the customer to do the workWithout any employee customer fulfil his needs by him ego by use of technology.7. Shift workingA continue way of working where employees work according to a time buildd system.8. Flexi-TimeA way of making decision by employee about his working time with in a core time9. Job ShareA way of share once works with other who work full time job on a part time basis.10. Annualized HoursA number of hours labour is given to employee and he need to complete that within a year.11. Tele workingAn easy way of working, by the use of technology employee can work at his own place, home, or even at road.12. Hot Disking/Hotel lingEmployees need to go outside the company for specific job and they have a specific desk for them self in the office for permanently.13. Home workingThis is the same as tele working and work can be carried out in home and this no need of network or communication As shown above flexibility of work can achieve the company a high standard in business and the satisfaction of the employee will be high because they get what they need. The flexibility in work will give advantage as well as disadvantages. Some of them are as follow.Employer viewEmployee satisfaction will reduce employee strikes etc.High level of outcome can be achieveCost of employee is lowSometime cost cannot be maintainedEmployee internal competition will effect on companyCompany manufacture process or gross revenue can be continue without a stopEmployee viewEmployee satisfaction is highWorking stress is lowThere will be a new can do attitude in the businessTime can be managed to do personal worksEmployers will miss use the labourSome times salary payment will be postponed.At Unilever, they are giving employees (and not just the women) the chance to work flexibly for years. Flexible working can mean Working part-time, Working from home Job sharing .Most who take up the opportunit y are parents. exactly not all. One Unilever employee played hockey for the Olympic team and was allowed to work flexibly in order to train more often. Another was given a sabbatical to practice with his rock band. These examples show how unilever has given flexibility for their employees.When it comes to maternity and paternity packages, Unilever beats many other businesses. Company also believe in educating managers about the merits of employing mums.Work life initiative has been developed many years in response to employee request in Unilever. Unilever believes that this will make employee attraction on the company and the satisfaction will rise above the roof.Unilever sees the flexibility as an important issue because that directly effect on employees and without them company cannot carry out the works. Unilever as a company has arrange different ways of flexibility in work specially for mother who work full time, company has given them a holiday system where they can take holi days without a pre notice. The most of the part time worker in the company are employed in Europe rather than Asia.Task 3Discuss the issues of providing equal opporlunities within the workplace andevaluate how well the chosen organization provides equal opportunities for itsemployees.Over the early(prenominal) 30 years, several federal laws have been passed to ensure equal employment opportunity. Some of the most significant legislation and executive orders are as followCivil Right moment 1991Americans with Disability Act 1990Vocational Rehabilitation Act 1973Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) 1967Civil Rights Act 1964The point of the law is to stop discrimination practices that are unfair to specific groups and to define enforcement agencies for these laws. EEO legislation attempts to balance the pay given to men and women provide employment opportunities without regard to race, religion, national origin and sex ensure fair treatment for employees of all ages and avoid d iscrimination against disabled individuals.The heads of all operating companies and units in the UK have committed their businesses to achieving greater diversity. Every Unilever Company in the United Kingdom has an equal opportunities Policy and actively pursues equality of opportunity for all employees.Companys equal opportunities form _or_ system of government is designed, among other things, to ensure that people with disabilities, and other under-represented groups, are given the same training, development and prospects as other employees.The company carries out regular employee monitoring surveys and has also conducted an equal pay audit. The company continues to review ways in which greater diversity can be achieved in recruitment and selection.The company continues to put in place policies which promote the achievement of diversity in the business. Unilever has policies on home working, flexible working, maternity and paternity leave, child care provision and career breaks, which help company to meet this objective.Equal opportunities and managing diversity at UnileverUnilever understands the importance of diversity and thats why it is a critical component of company has a divers(a) consumer base with a diverse array of needs. By mirroring that diversity within companys own organization, Unilever can develop powerful consumer insight and incorporate it throughout the business. Company seek and welcome unique talents and perspectives at Unilever, because they strengthen us as a company and help us on our journey to add vitality to life in a variety of ways.Unilever has created many avenues to enhance and expand the diversity of the company. Led by senior management, companys diversity councils help shape the diversity and comprehension philosophy company deliver to employees. Through training and awareness efforts, employees appreciate the power of diversity and the need to leverage the unique ideas, experiences and abilities employees all possess to build their business.Unilever recruitment strategy continues to evolve to ensure that our workforce reflects the demographics of their consumer base and fulfils the talent needs that will keep Unilever competitive and successful now and in the future. vicissitude for growth of the companyUnilever believes that working in an environment of openness and respect helps employees perform at their very best and ultimately succeed.When employees express their own thoughts and ideas and gain ground others to do so it contributes to a diverse marketplace of ideas that helps make Unilever a more robust organization with a better understanding of its markets. Because Unilevers diverse employee base reflects the broad backgrounds of our consumers, were able to anticipate and respond to what they want more quickly.The employees express pride and satisfaction when were first to market innovative products that meet consumers evolving needs. The individual singularity of each and every employe e, and our commitment to growing diversity, make that possible.Diversity at UnileverUnilever recognizes the strength of inclusion and diversity. Understanding, respecting and valuing their similarities and our differences are powerful and compelling concepts for todays business environment. They are also the tenets by which we have outlined a fundamental business strategy to assist in reaching company goals.1. RecruitRecruit a diverse workforce that take overly reflects the demographics of our consumer base and fulfils the talent needs that will keep Unilever competitive and successful. Diversity furthers company understanding of the marketplace by valuing the ideas and thoughts of all employees and other stakeholders in the business.2. Retain Employees within the companyRetain employees by fostering an environment in which all employees understand and value each other and our differences. company recognize that all businesses change over time. For business to grow, company need e mployees who possess an in-depth understanding of the business and the flexibility to anticipate and respond to changes in the marketplace.Company can develop and retain employees by providing equitable opportunities, together with a challenging environment that rewards new approaches, risk-taking and novel points of view, thereby creating a culture that values diversity.3. Grow the business innovateContinually grow the business and innovate by embracing diversity of thoughts and ideas. Create a work environment that fosters and supports enthusiasm, business risk and new ideas. Innovation is key to driving their business forward both now and over the long term and it hinges on a numerousness of ideas and ways of approaching a problem. By building a diverse employee population that brings many different life experiences to the table, we vastly improve their prospects for innovation and growth.4. study of employeesDevelop employees to help them reach their master copy potential. A s organization customers and distribution channels continue to evolve, so too must our employee base. Investing in the development of employees is essential to organization growth.5. Hold accountable in companyEstablish accountability. All employees are responsible for proactively supporting Unilevers goals, and they are evaluated accordingly. Specific behaviours and actions that promote an understanding and appreciation of diversity are incorporated into individual performance plans.Diversity is one of the thrusts of Strategy into Action, the plan that drives all aspects of our business. Employees are expected to contribute to the success of diversity goals just as they are expected to contribute to other priorities of the businessBy focusing on Unilever goals for diversity as part of our boilersuit business strategy, we recognize that they are intertwined. Indeed, our success and prosperity are inextricably linked to company ability to embrace diversity in every part of the organi zation. Valuing diversity is the job of everyone Unilever employees, contractors, and vendors. It is the way we work and the way we do business, day in and day out.Task 4Identify the key emerging issues in the area of human resources management ingenerai and explore the topical issues and practices of human resources in yourorganization.Armstrong and Baron define performance management as A process which contributes to the effective management of individuals and teams in order to achieve high levels of organizational performance. As such, it gear upes shared understanding about what is to be achieved and an approach to leading and developing people which will ensure that it is achieved. They go on to stress that it is a strategy which relates to every activity of the organization set in the context of its human resource policies, culture, style and communications systems. The nature of the strategy depends on the organizational context and can vary from organization to organizatio n.In other words performance management should be Strategic it is about broader issues and longer-term goals Integrated it should link various aspects of the business, people management, and individuals and teams.It should incorporate Performance improvement throughout the organization, for individual, team and organizational speciality Development unless there is continuous development of individuals and teams, performance will not improve Managing behavior ensuring that individuals are encouraged to behave in a way that allows and fosters better working relationships.While most firms have a human resources or personnel department that develops and implements HRM practices, responsibility lies with both HR professionals and line managers. The interplay between managers and HR professionals leads to effective HRM practices. For example, consider performance appraisals. The success of a firms performance appraisal system depends on the ability of both parties to do their jobs c orrectly. HR professionals develop the system, while managers provide the actual performance evaluations.The nature of these roles varies from company to company, depending primarily on the size of the organization. This discussion assumes a large company with a healthy HRM department. However, in smaller companies without large HRM departments, line managers must assume an even larger role in effective HRM practices.HR professionals typically assume the pastime four areas of responsibility establishing HRM policies and procedures, developing/choosing HRM methods, monitoring/evaluating HRM practices, and advising/assisting managers on HRM-related matters. HR professionals typically decide (subject to upper-management approval) what procedures to follow when implementing an HRM practice. For example, HR professionals may decide that the selection process should overwhelm having all candidates complete an application, take an employment test, and then be interviewed by an HR profes sional and line manager.HR professionals also consult with management on an array of HRM-related topics. They may assist by providing managers with formal training programs on topics like selection and the law, how to conduct an employment interview, how to appraise employee job performance, or how to in effect discipline employees. HR professionals also provide assistance by giving line managers advice about specific HRM-related concerns, such as how to deal with problem employees. groove managers direct employees day-to-day tasks. From an HRM perspective, line managers are mainly responsible for implementing HRM practices and providing HR professionals with necessary input for developing effective practices. Managers carry out many procedures and methods devised by HR professionals. For instance, line managers Interview job applicants Provide orientation, coaching, and on-the-job training Provide and communicate job performance ratings Recommend salary increases Carry out discipli nary procedures Investigate accidents Settle grievance issuesThe development of HRM procedures and methods often requires input from line managers. For example, when conducting a job analysis, HR professionals often seek job discipline from managers and ask managers to review the final written product. Additionally, when HR professionals determine an organizations training needs, managers often suggest what types of training are needed and who, in particular, needs the training. health and Safety at Unileveroccupational health and Safety is an essential element of a successful and sustainable business in todays global village. Consequently, Unilever takes responsibility for Occupational Health and safety very seriously. Sustainable, profitable growth for Unilever is dependent on Providing consumers and customers with products that are safe in use. Protecting the health and safety of employees and contractors. Managing activities so as to provide care and protection of the environm entTo achieve a safe working environment and a world class reputation for Unilever in Health Safety at WorkSome companies take some actions in order to retain health and safety in the company. Some may be in success but some companies cant achieve that goal. Unilever achieves health and safety by followings Developing, designing, operating and maintaining facilities and processes that are safe and without risk to health. Developing, introducing and maintaining systems, which will establish appropriate standards of occupational health and safety and ensure compliance with all applicable legislation and internal Unilever standards by means of regular auditing? Setting one-year improvement objectives, targets, and reviewing these to ensure they are being met at company, divisional and departmental levels to ensure continual improvement. Involving all employees in the preparation, review and implementation of this policy and providing appropriate training and safety awareness. Holding management at all levels accountable for the occupational health and safety performance of their staff. Providing for dissemination of information on health and safety at work by establishment of suitable communication networks both within Unilever Ghana and with outside bodies.Recruitment Process at UnileverRecruitment refers to the process of screening, and selecting qualified people for a job at an organization or firm, or for a vacancy in a volunteer-based organization or community group. While generalist managers or administrators can undertake some components of the recruitment process, mid- and large-size organizations and companies often retain professional recruiters or outsource some of the process to recruitment agencies. External recruitment is the process of attracting and selecting employees from outside the organization.The recruitment industry has four main types of agencies employment agencies, recruitment websites and job search engines, headhunters for executive and professional recruitment, and in-house recruitment. The stages in recruitment include sourcing candidates by advertising or other methods, and screening and selecting potential candidates using tests or interviews.Job AnalysisThe proper start to a recruitment effort is to perform a job analysis, to document the actual or intended requirement of the job to be performed. This information is captured in a jo