Style Analysis of Blog Writings :: Teaching Writing

Style Analysis of Blog Writings What is â€Å"style† recorded as a hard copy? In the wake of perusing Strunk and White’s The components of Style and Joseph William’s Style: Toward Clarity and Grace, I have come to comprehend what style is: I generally thought of â€Å"style† similar to your own, yet through these books I discovered that that’s not so much obvious. â€Å"Style† is a blend of numerous things and independence just being one section, yet for me the most significant. Style is a method of composing clear, strong, linguistically right and consistent with one’s self. White says in the last part of Elements of Style â€Å"style in the feeling of what is recognized and distinguishing.†(Strunk and White 66) Good composing isn't that difficult to accomplish, any one can compose well. On the off chance that you compose consistent with yourself it will improve your composition. Williams discusses â€Å"your voice† thus does Strunk and White. White says â€Å"All scholars, by the manner in which they utilize the language, uncover something of their spirits, their propensities, their abilities and their biases.† (Srunk and White 67) Williams says â€Å"Writing admirably, they accept, has to do with being genuine, or composing how they talk, or finding their legitimate voices, or simply being brought into the world with the talent. (Williams 1) Good composing tells us something about the author regardless of whether it is special ized. To be intriguing we need some knowledge into the person’s sentiments and contemplations. Composing ought to be something we appreciate not something that we fear or dread. The vast majority, understudies particularly, have come to loathe composing since they don’t know the â€Å"rules† and are reluctant to commit errors. It appears that individuals are progressively worried about right punctuation at that point content. It is essential to have great language structure, accentuation, and spelling, yet what you need to state is the most significant. Individuals invest so much energy agonizing over what their paper resembles, at that point what it seems like. Plunking down to compose a paper can be hinting and once in a while it is difficult to sort out our considerations to write them down. I feel that perusing books like Style: Lessons in Clarity and Grace is useful, yet practice is the way to great composition. I had never known about Blooger.com until I was acquainted with it by my English class. I saw the blog passages as a supportive task, in light of the fact that the most ideal approach to turn into a decent author is by training. Style Analysis of Blog Writings :: Teaching Writing Style Analysis of Blog Writings What is â€Å"style† recorded as a hard copy? In the wake of perusing Strunk and White’s The components of Style and Joseph William’s Style: Toward Clarity and Grace, I have come to comprehend what style is: I generally thought of â€Å"style† similar to your own, however through these books I discovered that that’s not so much obvious. â€Å"Style† is a blend of numerous things and independence just being one section, yet for me the most significant. Style is a method of composing clear, strong, linguistically right and consistent with one’s self. White says in the last section of Elements of Style â€Å"style in the feeling of what is recognized and distinguishing.†(Strunk and White 66) Good composing isn't that difficult to accomplish, any one can compose well. In the event that you compose consistent with yourself it will improve your composition. Williams discusses â€Å"your voice† thus does Strunk and White. White says â€Å"All journalists, by the manner in which they utilize the language, uncover something of their spirits, their propensities, their abilities and their biases.† (Srunk and White 67) Williams says â€Å"Writing admirably, they accept, has to do with being true, or composing how they talk, or finding their credible voices, or simply being brought into the world with the skill. (Williams 1) Good composing tells us something about the author regardless of whether it is specialized. To be intriguing we need some understanding into the person’s sentiments and considerations. Composing ought to be something we appreciate not something that we fear or dread. A great many people, understudies particularly, have come to detest composing since they don’t know the â€Å"rules† and are hesitant to commit errors. It appears that individuals are progressively worried about right language structure at that point content. It is essential to have great sentence structure, accentuation, and spelling, however what you need to state is the most significant. Individuals invest so much energy stressing over what their paper resembles, at that point what it seems like. Plunking down to compose a paper can be insinuating and in some cases it is difficult to sort out our considerations to write them down. I feel that perusing books like Style: Lessons in Clarity and Grace is useful, however practice is the way to great composition. I had never known about Blooger.com until I was acquainted with it by my English class. I saw the blog passages as a supportive task, in light of the fact that the most ideal approach to turn into a decent author is by training.

Isolation and Victimization in Henry1V Essay -- Henry IV Henry V Essay

Confinement and Victimization in Henry1V Â Â â â â The most conspicuous element of Prince Harry in the two Henry1V plays is his supreme confinement. At the point when we first observe Harry, he is an outsider and criminal among his own kin, the honorability, and a wellspring of dread and wretchedness for his family. He has no companions in any genuine sense, just pawns; in contrast to Hotspur, Mortimer, and even Falstaff, he has no sweethearts and shows no enthusiasm for sexual love. He remains solitary on the planet, and he remains against all the world. He is spurred uniquely by doubt, mercilessness, pride, and ravenousness for power. Individuals are genuine to Harry just to the extent that he can utilize them; and, at last, the future King can utilize individuals just when they are crushed. All His means is toward death and decimation: the two plays start with Harry's plot against his bar companions, which comes full circle in the conciliatory removal of Falstaff, and end with bits of gossip about war, the crusade aga inst France, completed for reasons of inward political favorable position. Harry is the thing that today is generally portrayed as an insane person, and the plays show how such a man can turn into a fruitful ruler and thrashing the world, an ideal mix of Machiavel (the improper scalawag) and Machiavellian (the flippant specialist). Â In 1Henry1V , Harry's essential business - in reality his solitary concern, aside from tormenting his social inferiors, similar to Falstaff and the blameless cabinet Francis - is the pulverization of Hotspur. Hotspur is of preeminent enthusiasm to Harry, which is equivalent to stating, as Harry in actuality says in his answer to the King in 3.2, Percy's head (132) is of incomparable intrigue: Â Percy is nevertheless my factor, great my ruler, To immerse up sublime deeds for my sake; What's more, I will call him to s... ...Works Cited Hairdresser, C.L. Rule and Misrule in Henry1V. William Shakespeare: Histories and Poems. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. 143-167. Girard, Rene. To Double Business Bound. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988. Machiavelli, Niccolo. From The Prince. The Bedford Companion to Shakespeare. Russ McDonald. New York: Bedford/St. Martin's. 2001. 334-336. Shakespeare, William. The Norton Shakespeare. Ed Stephen Greenblatt, et al. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1997. Shakespeare, William. Henry the Fourth, Part 1. Ed James L. Sanderson. second ed. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1969. Stewart, J. I. M. The Birth and Death of Falstaff. Sanderson, Henry the Fourth, Part 1. 404-407. Toliver, Harold E. Falstaff, The Prince, and the History Play. Sanderson, Henry the Fourth, Part 1. 169-193. Seclusion and Victimization in Henry1V Essay - Henry IV Henry V Essay Seclusion and Victimization in Henry1V Â Â â â â The most conspicuous element of Prince Harry in the two Henry1V plays is his outright disengagement. At the point when we first observe Harry, he is an untouchable and criminal among his own kin, the honorability, and a wellspring of dread and wretchedness for his family. He has no companions in any genuine sense, just pawns; in contrast to Hotspur, Mortimer, and even Falstaff, he has no sweethearts and shows no enthusiasm for sexual love. He remains solitary on the planet, and he remains against all the world. He is inspired uniquely by doubt, savagery, pride, and insatiability for power. Individuals are genuine to Harry just to the extent that he can utilize them; and, at last, the future King can utilize individuals just when they are obliterated. All His means is toward death and devastation: the two plays start with Harry's plot against his bar companions, which comes full circle in the conciliatory ejection of Falstaff, and end with bits of gossip about war, the ba ttle against France, completed for reasons of inward political bit of leeway. Harry is the thing that today is normally depicted as a maniac, and the plays show how such a man can turn into an effective lord and annihilation the world, an ideal mix of Machiavel (the indecent scoundrel) and Machiavellian (the flippant specialist). Â In 1Henry1V , Harry's essential business - in reality his lone concern, aside from tormenting his social inferiors, similar to Falstaff and the guiltless cabinet Francis - is the pulverization of Hotspur. Hotspur is of preeminent enthusiasm to Harry, which is equivalent to stating, as Harry in actuality says in his answer to the King in 3.2, Percy's head (132) is of incomparable intrigue: Â Percy is nevertheless my factor, great my ruler, To charm up sublime deeds for my sake; Furthermore, I will call him to s... ...Works Cited Hair stylist, C.L. Rule and Misrule in Henry1V. William Shakespeare: Histories and Poems. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. 143-167. Girard, Rene. To Double Business Bound. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988. Machiavelli, Niccolo. From The Prince. The Bedford Companion to Shakespeare. Russ McDonald. New York: Bedford/St. Martin's. 2001. 334-336. Shakespeare, William. The Norton Shakespeare. Ed Stephen Greenblatt, et al. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1997. Shakespeare, William. Henry the Fourth, Part 1. Ed James L. Sanderson. second ed. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1969. Stewart, J. I. M. The Birth and Death of Falstaff. Sanderson, Henry the Fourth, Part 1. 404-407. Toliver, Harold E. Falstaff, The Prince, and the History Play. Sanderson, Henry the Fourth, Part 1. 169-193.

How to Use Acts of Service in Your Relationship

How to Use Acts of Service in Your Relationship Relationships Spouses & Partners Print How to Use Acts of Service in Your Relationship By Sarah Sheppard Sarah Sheppard is a writer, editor, ghostwriter, writing instructor, and advocate for mental health, womens issues, and more. Learn about our editorial policy Sarah Sheppard Updated on February 07, 2020 Performing Acts of Service. Unsplash More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse Growing up, my father would cut up pineapple and leave little pieces in the fridge, a toothpick poking out of each, because he knew that pineapple was my favorite fruit. I didn’t know it then, but my father showed his love through Acts of Service. He’d take my car, unannounced, and fill it up with gas. He’d spend hours washing windows, cleaning leather shoes, running to the grocery store. This was his way of showing me his love and affection. Love Languages Defined Dr. Gary Chapman’s The 5 Love Languages?? dives into the power of communicating love in relationships, both intimate and platonic. He explains that each of us gives and receives love differently. Of the five languages (Acts of Service, Quality Time, Words of Affirmation, Physical Touch, and Receiving Gifts), we often prefer one more than the others.   Everything You Need to Know About the Five Love Languages In terms of intimate relationships, Acts of Service is a language that can best be described as doing something for your partner that you know they would like, such as filling up their gas, watering their plants, or cooking them a meal. When you give Acts of Service, you give up your time. This non-verbal form of love can be time-consuming and exhausting, but if it’s what you partner needs, then its worth the effort. Giving Acts of Service If you have identified that your partner prefers to receive Acts of Service, then you’re one step closer to making your partner feel loved (and assuming you love your partner, you should want to make them feel this way). Whether it’s in your nature to give Acts of Service, or not, know that anyone can learn this love language. When it comes to performing Acts of Service, here  are four things you can do: Pay attention to the small things: what your partner wants to do on your next trip together, how much sugar your partner adds to their morning coffee, what time your partner’s favorite show is on, etc. Take notes, if you can’t remember.Consider the things your partner doesn’t enjoy doing. If you’re partner complains about taking out the trash, researching financial terms, cleaning the space between the wall and the dresser, or walking the dog, then you can do these tasks for your partner. If your partner doesn’t like dealing with the cable company, offer to take on responsibility for the monthly cable bill.Focus on acts that are easy for you to accommodate into your schedule. Pay attention to your partner’s calendar each week and see if you can add in Acts of Service. Maybe your partner has limited time between their workout in the morning and their first work meeting. Plan to have coffee and breakfast ready and waiting.Utilize your strengths. If you understand something your partner doesn’t, offer your services. If you’re more handy than your partner, for example, focus on handyman tasks like changing your partner’s oil, or fixing the broken lightbulb in the bathroom. Even if your partner prefers another love language, Acts of Service can be beneficial for every healthy relationship. According to a 2016 study conducted by the Pew Research Center,??? more than half of all married couples believed that sharing housework was a major importance in a successful marriage. Whether it’s part of your love language or not, it’s important to make sure that you and your partner are both satisfied with how much work you do around the house. Receiving Acts of Service   If you prefer to receive Acts of Service above all other love languages, then it’s important to tell your partner this. Just make sure you are kind and patient, as you ask for the things you want. Acts of service arent always easy to do, and you shouldnt  assume that your partner will do everything you ask simply because you prefer Acts of Service. Your Partner Cannot Fulfill All Your Emotional Needs Many times, Acts of Service can be a difficult love language to implement, because it requires so much time, and often, preparation. Maybe your partner is studying for their PhD and unable to focus on any acts. Maybe your partner returns home late from another long day of work, only to give you thirty-minutes of quality time without a TV or smartphone. Try and cherish these efforts, recognizing that your partner likely loves you, even if they cant perform Acts of Service that day or week. Understanding Your Partner’s Love Language     If your preferred  language is Quality Time, but your partner keeps focusing on Acts of Service, then you may feel slighted when your partner spends time cleaning your car instead of giving you undivided attention. Make sure you and your partner are up front about your preferences and find a way to work together to achieve the mutually-desired results. If your partner likes when you cook, for example, maybe you can start by preparing a weekly breakfast for them. A Word From Verywell You don’t have to speak the same love language to have a lasting, fulfilling relationship. You just have to know how to communicate your needs with your partner, whatever those may be. Communication is a key component of every healthy relationship and it’s especially important if you wish to achieve a long-lasting relationship with your spouse--or with any loved one. Are You In a Healthy Relationship?

William Shakespeare s King Lear - 858 Words

Every good story has a hero and a villain. The villain is usually considered to be evil and have evil intentions, but often has good hidden somewhere deep inside them. This is definitely the case for the character of Edmund in Shakespeare’s play â€Å"King Lear.† Edmund betrays and deceives both his brother Edgar and his father Gloucester in order to achieve wealth and power. While his actions are corrupt and wrong, he should not be considered as entirely evil. His personality and his social status are contributing factors to his villainous actions. Throughout the play, Edmund never actually accused others of anything; instead, he planted false ideas in others and guided them towards making the accusations themselves. Also, Edmund’s attempt to save Lear and Cordelia as he is dying shows that he has some good and is not completely evil. Edmund’s actions make him seem evil, but his actions can be attributed to his personality and his social status. Edmund de sires to be seen as an honorable man, and he desires wealth and power. Edmund is an illegitimate son to Gloucester as a result of Gloucester’s adultery, meaning that Edgar will inherit all of Gloucester’s wealth and power. Edmund decides that the only way he can become his father’s heir is to convince Edgar to leave and Gloucester to believe that Edgar is a villain. He creates a fake letter from Edgar, knowing that â€Å"If this letter speed, And my intention thrive, Edmund the base shall top the legitimate† (King Lear Act 1,1).Show MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s King Lear1564 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is universally known for his literary output both in poetry and drama. Whether through his laugh-invoking comedies or his heart-wrenching tragedies, Shakespeare’s plays have changed the course of literature. Many of his plays about love are widely praised by all, but Shakespeare s King Lear differs from the rest due to its definitio n of love. King Lear serves as an battleground between deception and compassion, between flattery and honesty. Rather than focusing on romantic loveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s King Lear1550 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION: By facilitating the growth of evil within William Shakespeare’s King Lear, it is evident that the tragedy’s protagonist, King Lear can be held accountable for his own victimization and ultimate downfall. The most notable aspects of this self-induced victimization include Lear’s own lack of practical wisdom and divergence from the natural order, combined with the neglect of kingship, that enables Lear as a tragic hero to create the conceptual framework in which the ulterior motives ofRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s King Lear3086 Words   |  13 PagesJerion Young Ms. Woods English IV 4 March 2015 King Lear William Shakespeare uses several literary elements in his writing, elements which are especially apparent in his play, King Lear. Shakespeare uses excellent creativity and description when writing this tragedy. â€Å"Neither has Shakespeare placed in the mouth of any other character in this play such fatalistic expressions as may be found in King Lear and occasionally elsewhere†(A.C. 2003). The way King Lear talks in this play is very evil compared toRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s King Lear1611 Words   |  7 Pagesexperience life-changing events that jeopardize our sense of identity and make us question how we value ourselves. Our perception of our worth can change with what we learn through our existence, much like the characters in the play King Lear by William Shakespeare. Adversity and hardship are inevitable when characters are unable to connect themselves within their own identity or find a loss of self at some point in their role. The self-awareness, an essential a spect of their role, of many ofRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s King Lear1320 Words   |  6 Pagesothers. Having strong communication skills allows one to better understand the situation at hand. Proper communication is essential to working out problems because of this reason. In the play King Lear by William Shakespeare, Lear communicating with his daughters, Gloucester communicating with his sons, and Lear communicating with Kent are all examples of failure of communication, which later lead to consequences and hardships that the characters must face. Without proper communication, people willRead MoreBlindness By William Shakespeare s King Lear2212 Words   |  9 PagesMaysoun Deeb Mr. A. T. Lebar EN4UN-04 13 July 2015 King Lear Blindness by definition, according to dictionaries, is â€Å"unable to see and lacking the sense of sight† by which King Lear, the classic tragic play written by William Shakespeare, illustrated the concept of blindness amongst his characters as the leading theme. King Lear and Gloucester were the characters that have been conflicted by this â€Å"blindness† that may or may not change their personalities in the very end of the play. Gloucester becomesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s King Lear1546 Words   |  7 PagesTwo Sides to Every Person There are two sides to every story; that of the protagonist and that of the antagonist. As shown in the Shakespearean play King Lear, there is very little difference between the two. Edmund, who appears to be a villain, is more than meets the eye. His evil is a rebellion against the social order that denies him legitimacy. His villainy does not come from innate cruelty but from misdirected desire for familial love. His remorse in the end displays his humanity and blindnessRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s King Lear1510 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare’s King Lear deals with tragic human relationship like the other tragedies of the author, but this story was written in social aspect and raises the doubtful point on legitimacy of some political systems. In this play, various characters form multi-layered kconflict relations. Thus, the story is being propelled towards tragedy due to numerous inner and outer conflicts of each character. However, as it is brought into being a charact er, Edgar in the end of the story, it implies new beginningRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s King Lear1470 Words   |  6 Pagesduring the Elizabethan era, making it relatable to all audiences, especially the modern audience, leaving room for multiple perspectives and understanding of the play. Shakespeare’s play ‘King Lear’, depicts the main protagonist’s ‘gradual descent into madness’ as a result of the forces of evil acting in the play for Lear has, to an extent, have sinned though it can’t outweigh that he has been sinned against. This is confirmed through Lear’s injudiciousness to see through his two eldest daughter’s internalRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s King Lear 1306 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"All...shall taste the wages of their virtue...the cup of their deservings. (5.3.317-320)† King Lear is frequently regarded as one of Shakespeare’s masterpieces, and its tragic scope touches almost all facets of the human condition: from the familial tensions between parents and children to the immoral desires of power, from the follies of pride to the false projections of glory. However, one theme rings true throughout the play, and that very theme is boundless suffering, accentuated by the gruesome

External Environment Analysis - 1774 Words

CHAPTER TWO EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS At the end of this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. Understand the processes for an environmentally conscious organization. 2. Know the importance of SWOT analysis in analyzing both external and internal environment. 3. Understand the different segments of the external environment known as the general environment. 4. To find out how the strength of the company’s competitive forces are congruent with the industry’s through the five-forces model of industry competition. 5. To understand the relevance of benchmarking in evaluating company’s performance as against competitors. INTRODUCTION: Companies must be responsive to the external business environment. Knowledge about the†¦show more content†¦5. Technological. Information technology, robotics, microelectronics, ergonomics, genetic engineering, computer-aided design, pollution, global warning, invention of smart gadgets are some of issues under this segment. 6. Global segment. This segment includes political events, peace agreements or negotiations, critical global markets, newly industrialized countries, trade agreements, and different cultural and institutional attributes. THE STRENGTH OF AN INDUSTRY’S COMPETITIVE FORCES Industry and competitive analysis should focus on the competitive dynamics of the industry. The five-forces model of competition is the most powerful and widely used tool for assessing the strength of the industry’s competitive forces. The Five Basic Competitive Forces 1. The threat of new entrants. Several factors determine whether the threat of new companies entering the marketplace presents a significant competitive pressure. As a rule, the bigger pool of entry candidates, the stronger the threat of potential entry. Dess, et.al. enumerated the six major sources of entry barriers. a. Economies of scale. Economies of scale refers to spreading the costs of production over the number of units produced. The cost of a product per unit declines as the absolute volume per period increases. b. Product differentiation. When existing competitors have strong brandShow MoreRelatedExternal Environment Analysis2283 Words   |  10 PagesExternal Environment Analysis JetBlue Airways Corporation (JetBlue) is a company that has focused on low-cost airline transportation service. It is also one of the top major airlines dominating the Domestic Airlines industry. To develop a better strategic business plan the company’s external business market and the effect it has on the business continuity plan must be analysis as well as the general, industry, and competitor environments. Another issue affecting companies is the role businessRead MoreExternal Environment Analysis1926 Words   |  8 PagesExternal Environment Analysis MGT/488 October 21, 2010 Patti Berlin External Environment Analysis Sam Walton began Wal-Mart in 1962 and opened the first store in Rogers, Arkansas (History, 2010, p. 1). Walton was not new to the retail industry and had traveled the United States to learn as much as possible about the industry. Walton knew that customer needs were important to success and he wanted to know as much as possible about the industry to meet those demands. Sam Walton experienced strongRead MoreExternal Environment Analysis6715 Words   |  27 Pagesdefined the playing arena of Foster. Secondly, identify Foster’s missions, sales and revenues in the past. Thirdly, evaluate the external sales environment, including customer and competition analysis. Fourthly, forecasting the future external scenario. Fifth, analysing the existing sales operations, and evaluating it through gaps, key successful factors, and SWOT analysis. Finally, we gave Foster the recommendation on sales operation strategy for the next three years, and also evaluated the pros andRead MoreExternal a nd Internal Environment Analysis1565 Words   |  7 PagesExternal and Internal Environmental Analysis This environmental analysis will provide a complete external environmental scan designed to provide RoyalBlu Invites with the tools needed to identify the organizations strength and weaknesses. Furthermore, including an assessment of the company resources. This analysis will assess the organization competitive position and possibilities of growth. An explanation of how the external environment affects RoyalBlu Invites structure and organizational performanceRead MoreExternal and Internal Environment Analysis1429 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL ENVIRONEMNT External and Internal Environment Analysis Bharti Gupta University of Phoenix External and Internal Environment Analysis: Mayo Clinic The purpose of this paper is to analyze the External and Internal environmental factors of Mayo Clinic (MC). Mayo Clinic is a nonprofit worldwide leader in medical care, research and education for people from all walks of life (Mayo Clinic,  2011). Various types of external and internal factors affect theRead MoreInternal And External Environment Analysis Essay1260 Words   |  6 Pagesstrategies, organizations must thoroughly analyze both the internal and external environments in which they operate (Hill, Jones, Schilling, 2014, p. 11). This analysis will enable them to pinpoint those elements that threaten their current and future profitability as well as those elements that offer the potential to increase current and future profitability (Hill, et al., 2014, pp. 44-45). The external environment analysis specifically looks at the industry within which a business functions asRead MoreExternal And Internal Environment Analysis835 Words   |  4 Pagesextensive external and int ernal environment analysis. When conducting external environmental analysis, a company must consider six factors. These factors include competition, economic growth, political trends, legal issues, advances in technology, and sociocultural trends (Ferrell Hartline, 2014). I have a strong interest in technology and gadgets. With that being the case, I chose the iPhone as the product and will analyze the six external environmental factors using that. The first external factorRead MoreAnalysis of the External Environment of Business1608 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis of the External Environment of Business The Technological Environment The external business environment consists of four elements, they are as follows: Political, Economic, Social and technological. It would be impossible to analyse the whole environment in one essay, I have therefore decided to focus my essay on the technological environment. I have chosen this area to focus on because as Palmer and Hartley point out, it is one area that is forcing immense change in the external businessRead MoreLufthansa External Environment Analysis893 Words   |  4 Pageswould be able to sustain the growth that it has achieved in the past and manage any such Crisis in future.? GENERAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS The general environment analysis will focus on trends in the four segments of General Environment. The following table shows the changes in the general environment that are affecting airline Business on an ongoing basis. B. Industry Analysis PORTER’S FORCES Threat of new Entrants and Barriers to Entry: Following are some of the threats to enter into aRead MoreExternal Analysis : Macro Environment999 Words   |  4 PagesExternal Analysis: Macro Environment Economic: Developed markets pose a risk to the luxury industry, however emerging markets such as China and India present opportunity for Coach as their middle class’s continue to grow. Socio-Cultural: Ever evolving views on sociocultural trends provide both opportunities and risks to this industry. Within developed markets, consumer preferences have shifted toward luxury accessories for both men and women. Criticism of companies that have outsourced much of

The Functional to Matrix Transition Free Essays

The Functional to Matrix Transition Karen R. J. White, PMP RECENTLY PARTICIPATED IN A CONSULTING ASSIGNMENT WHICH INVOLVED MOVING A LARGE ITS ORGANIZATION from an old-style functional-department organization structure towards one more friendly to proj- Common Pitfalls ects. We will write a custom essay sample on The Functional to Matrix Transition or any similar topic only for you Order Now The project faced the sorts of challenges that are common when trying to realign organizational structure with the new realities of managing by projects. In addition, there were added cultural barriers because the company was in the financial services sector-a very traditional industry, known for conservatism in management approaches. Project management consultants were called in because, for the first time, the organization was undertaking a multi-year enterprise-wide development program that cut across multiple functional departments, instead of following their old pattern of doing projects within departments. Within the program, several major related projects were being carried out. Clearly, business as usual would not suffice. BASELINE: A FUNCTIONAL/WEAK MATRIX STRUCTURE A Functional/ (Weak) Matrix organizational structure, such as our client company had in place, works well when the focus is on quality and technical expertise. Under this structure, functional managers are responsible for products created within their areas of expertise. The downside: In the company on which this case study was based, it just wasn’t working. And their experience was not uncommon. The functional-based organization structure tends to undermine the authority and decision-making capability of project managers, making project success more difficult. The functional or weak matrix form of organization does have some advantages. In this case, first of all, it was the currently existing state in the client organization. Change is always traumatic in organizations and, to the extent that we could preserve existing processes and systems, the upheaval-and resistance to it-would be minimized. Functional â€Å"stovepipe† organizations take a beating in discussions of optimal organizational structure, but the fact is that they are familiar to people, and thus comfortable for them. In addition, within this structure, IT and IS departments are fully empowered to complete isolated projects within their own â€Å"stovepipes. The client organization already possessed well-established communications processes and authorities within the functional areas. From a purely logistical point of view, the staff work locations were already centralized around functional department assignments, making information sharing among team members more straightforward. There are also serious drawbacks to this organizational structure, however. For instance, communications and decision-making processes existed outside the p rogram structure, contributing to schedule and budget issues. For the same reason, true accountability rested outside the programs, somewhere in the traditional hierarchy of the corporation. For example, executive functional management, who were in fact somewhat removed from the actual conditions of the programs, made all the important decisions. Budget and contracting authority was reserved for the CIO level. Under this very traditional structure, only formal authority-something the project managers did not have-was recognized as a source of power. The client organization had made some strides in moving past a purely functional hierarchy, towards a matrix organization. A Project Management Office (PMO) had been implemented the year before my involvement began-a year after the program was launched. Unfortunately, this meant that proper attention had not been paid to project management issues during the initial planning stages of the program. Phone: 610. 853. 3679 n www. pmsolutions. com n Fax: 610. 853. 0527 EXPERT SERIES The Functional to Matrix Transition Page 2 of 4 Instead of creating a PMO to manage the program, the existing program was inserted into a PMO. However, since the PMO lacked authority for decisions and communications, accountability was problematic. As an example, program budgets and staffing decisions were made within functional organizations, not within the programs themselves and resources were not accountable to programs for deliverables. Programs were initiated by functional departments, making any kind of strategic alignment or project prioritization (portfolio management) problematic. And because project teams ithin programs were organized by functional department, not by deliverable, the physical and organizational barriers between project teams impeded communications. THE OTHER EXTREME The Project (Strong) Matrix organization, at the other end of the organization-structure spectrum, works well for crash efforts, where the focus is on cost and, especially, schedule. These types of project-based organizations are sometimes n icknamed â€Å"Skunkworks† after the Lockheed-Martin aerospace project that made this approach famous. The Strong Matrix is an organizational form beloved of project managers and organizational design theorists. To be sure, this model offers many advantages from the project management standpoint:  · It concentrates complete authority for decisions affecting a project or program within the project or program itself, which simplifies decision-making.  · Program budgets and staffing decisions are made within the programs.  · Staff members have a single manager to please and answer to.  · Resources are accountable to program for deliverables and performance.  · Clear communications paths exist. However, in the real world of our client organization, the Project/Strong Matrix model carried several disadvantages. Limited resources in certain key technical and business areas meant that there simply were not enough people to create dedicated program or project teams, and it was deemed too time-consuming to recruit and/or train additional staff. The existing staff was in dispersed geographical locations with staff not able to relocate. All in all, moving to this form was just too drastic a change for the organization. THE MIDDLE GROUND Thus, our choice in establishing a more project-friendly environment was the â€Å"Balanced Matrix† structure . This structure strives to hit all the bases. Cost, schedule and quality are considered of equal importance. The balance between these considerations is achieved through continuous negotiations and tradeoffs. Given the resource limitations existing within the client organization, we deemed it the best model as well as the most practicable, despite certain inherent disadvantages, such as the need for increased communications and resource negotiations between project managers and functional managers, the added complexity in status reporting and staff management activities, and the need for modified roles and responsibilities in IT and business functional departments. The most significant impact of the new model was the extent to which we revised Roles and Responsibilities. IT functional management now shared joint staff management with program management and had to coordinate with program management in the areas of standards and process implementation. Business functional management also shared joint staff management with program management. Phone: 610. 853. 3679 n www. pmsolutions. com n Fax: 610. 853. 0527 EXPERT SERIES The Functional to Matrix Transition Page 3 of 4 Program management staff had far more â€Å"hands-on† involvement in program activities, as well as increased accountability for staff performance and coordination of related issues with functional man agement. Program Team Members now had multiple managers with whom to coordinate absences. TRANSITION STEPS 1. Assign Project Managers. We introduced project managers from the PMO to replace functional man agers with project management responsibilities, except in those cases where we retained functional leads as part of matrix. We did this when the department managers or supervisors were the ideal choice for supervision project activities because they were the strongest technical person in that area. Once the project leaders were assigned we identified deliverables and associated accountabilities for each project team. 2. Re-define Roles and Responsibilities. We established a policy statement and matrix document that clearly identified the project manager and functional manager roles and responsibilities. 3. Revise Resource Staffing Processes. By involving functional management in project initiation activities-recognizing that functional managers often have the best insight into the skills and limitations of staff members-we made the process of assigning resources to roles more collaborative. We also instituted a formal requisition process for internal resources. 4. Revise Performance Management Processes. We implemented revised performance management processes. Project managers were added to the performance development process training classes and required to provide periodic performance-related information to functional managers. At the same time, functional managers now shared individual goals and objectives with project managers, seeking to align project assignments with objectives. Functional managers continued to administer performance development processes. 5. Establish a Communications Plan. We developed a comprehensive program communications plan identifying who reports what to whom, and when. We acknowledged the information needs of the functional management team by including them in the communications plan. Project websites were established to facilitate communications. 6. Obtain Senior Executive Support. Senior executive support for changes was secured. We instituted an active steering committee. In addition, we established clear support at the CIO level for the Program and Project Manager roles and their authorities. These steps ensured alignment of functional and program goals: functional managers support the programs, which in turn implement the business goals. LESSONS LEARNED The matrix organization will meet resistance; plan for it. Lesson #1 – Program Organization. Make deliberate decisions about program and project organization when chartering the program. Determine the important constraints for the program, know the different organizational structures available and deliberately select the one that best fits your situation. Consider geographical locations when forming teams; try to maintain team integrity within a single location. Lesson #2 – Roles Responsibilities. Clearly define the roles and responsibilities of all vested parties, including functional managers providing resources to projects. Obtain agreement and sign-off on individual roles and responsibilities as part of each project chartering activity. Phone: 610. 853. 679 n www. pmsolutions. com n Fax: 610. 853. 0527 EXPERT SERIES The Functional to Matrix Transition Page 4 of 4 Lesson #3 – Communications Plan. Develop a comprehensive plan that considers communication needs both inside and outside the program. Consider horizontal communication flows in addition to vertical communication flows. Do not ignore the information needs of the organization as a whole. Les son #4 – Continuous assessment. Reinforce the transition by continually monitoring the processes and climate of the organization. This is an ongoing challenge, not a one-time event. When a crisis arises, the organization will tend to lapse back into functional management accountability, as opposed to staying within program structure. Pay close attention to the communications and collaboration aspects of the program; reinforce use of the agreed upon communications plan. Remain sensitive to the communication needs of multiple geographic sites, if any. You will need to provide continuous learning and reinforcement, since functional managers are still learning to include project managers in staffing decisions, while project managers are still learning to include functional managers in problem resolution activities. Don’t be afraid to change! Question how you are organized; make sure the status quo fits with the work that needs to be done. Maybe you won’t change everything, but little regular tweak at organizational structure will keep it vital. Every six months or so, ask â€Å"Does it make sense today? † Prepared for presentation at ProjectWorld, October 2001 Phone: 610. 853. 3679 n www. pmsolutions. com n Fax: 610. 853. 0527 How to cite The Functional to Matrix Transition, Papers

Orwell and Hsun

Literature should not exist for its own sake but should be a mirror through which the society looks at itself. It should therefore imitate the truth and portray it to the society for self-reflection. This is evident in George Orwell’s â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† and Lu Xun’s â€Å"The Real Story of Ah Q†. Shooting the Elephant is a real life reflection of the author’s experience as a police officer in India. It is about the shameless irony of imperialism spread by western governments, which subjects even its own to discrimination.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Orwell and Hsun specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Real Story of Ah Q is a satirical piece that shows the irony of revolutionary movements. Whereas these two stories have similarities, they also have marked differences in form, style, and aim. This paper endeavors to highlight some similarities and differences especial ly in the aims and the writing style of these two authors. The aim of these two pieces is to portray societies as notorious for curtailing the freedom of individuals. Not only do communities prescribe rules that must be followed by all but also have expectations on certain individuals that are out of touch with reality. The main characters in these two stories find themselves in odd positions where their individual freedoms are subordinated under those of the community. Orwell was made to shoot the elephant against his will, while Ah Q had no right over his sir name and was mistreated by the locals (Orwell para 7: Hsun para 3, 5). There is also a well-developed attempt to portray imperialism in its negative light (Orwell para 3; Hsun 2). The two authors also use irony to great extent. Ah Q thinks himself the enlightened one even thought the reader knows he is not, while Orwell agonizes under the realization of the irony of western imperialisms (Hsun para 16; Orwell para 3). However, these authors also portray certain differences in their works. Hsun uses satire more overtly to laugh at the societies ills than Orwell. Ah Q thinks that he is the â€Å"number one self-doubter† and when your remove â€Å"self-doubter† you are left with â€Å"number one.† So he is always number one (6). He also sees his failures as his victories (7). Orwell creates a sympathetic attitude on the main subject while Hsun’s has comic relief (Orwell para 1, 2; Hsun 8). The aim of Shooting an Elephant is to describe the plight of those who rebel against their own culture, and are unappreciated by those they make this sacrifice for (Orwell para 2). Hsun work criticizes satirically the failed Chinese revolution of 1911. The failure of this revolution is symbolized in the power of women who seduce men thus derailing them from their noble duty of revolutionizing the society. These women are demonized as the causes of the failed revolution (11).Advertising Loo king for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Even though these two works were written years ago, they still find a lot of relevance in today’s society. They ironically mirror the struggles of modern societies and individuals against injustices, such as the denial of individual rights by societal norms and the failure of modern governments to meet the expectations of its citizens. Hsun’s use of comic effect and satire is as effective as Orwell’s employment of sympathy and sarcasm. Therefore, these two authors prove that it is effectively possible to employ different styles to highlight similar themes. Works Cited Hsun, Lu. â€Å"The True Story Of Ah Q.† 2002. Blackmask Online. Web. Orwell, George. â€Å"Shooting an Elephant.† 1950. 15 February, 2011. http://www.online-literature.com/ This essay on Orwell and Hsun was written and submitted by user Seth Wyatt to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Alliance for Childhood and Computers in Education

The Alliance for Childhood and Computers in Education The Alliance for Childhood is one of the most famous organizations, which aim at promoting children healthy development, their enjoyment of this life, and love to education. Nowadays, the vast majority of children cannot imagine their lives without computers: they may communicate being far from each other, play various games, listen to music, find more friends online, and get their education.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Alliance for Childhood and Computers in Education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, as The Alliance for Childhood states, people’s faith in technology should not be higher than children’s needs. The representatives of this organization admit that â€Å"the renewal of education requires personal attention to students from good teachers and active parents, strongly supported by their communication.† (The Alliance for Childhood) Lots of parents think that the earlier their child will learn how to use computer, the better job will be waiting for him/her in future. The Alliance for Childhood cannot agree with such a point, neither do I. Parents are afraid that their children may be left behind, this is why they are eager to use all chances, which are presented to them. â€Å"Wiring and computerizing America’s schools is an urgent priority – not for children, but for high-tech companies that need to constantly expand their markets.† (The Alliance for Childhood) This is why it is crucially important to pay attention to ethical and social technological implications. The Alliance for Childhood focuses on the importance of physical, emotional, and social development of children. Computers pose certain hazards to child’s life, and the mission of parents and teachers is to protect future generation from destructions and health problems, caused by computers. Of course, there are certain benefits of computers and the abilities c hildren may get, however, it is necessary to remember about the limits and pay enough attention to active life, healthy food, and real communication – and all this is impossible to get sitting in front of the computer. Microsoft Word and Writing Poetries The Microsoft Word program turns out to be rather helpful for completing different kinds of assignment. Students get much more opportunities to demonstrate their creativeness, present quite interesting ideas in order to explain the topic under consideration, and represent their personal vision of the issue. The Microsoft Word program may be also used as a helpful tool to teach students of upper elementary schools on how to write poetry. Without any doubts, students may get lots of benefits using the Microsoft Word program. Microsoft Word may correct automatically students’ spelling mistakes and underline the sentences, which may cause some doubts. With the help of this program, students can easily find out several syno nyms to make the work more sound.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is quite possible to add a captivating picture or any other illustrative material in order to attract reader’s attention. However, it is necessary to remember that this program deprive students from the opportunity to correct all the mistakes and train him/herself to pay attention to each detail in the work. Students can just rely on the corrections, their computers should make. But still, Microsoft Word cannot be sure about the proper use of this or that word. When a student creates poetry, it is necessary to use soul and imagination. Of course, this program helps to represent the ideas in the best ways; but the works created by means of some computer programs may be usually deprived of soul and personal emotions, and such deprivation is not inherent to real pieces of art. Poetry is something that s hould come from the heart; the Microsoft Word program can help to present the ideas in a really attractive way, but still, students should not rely on this program only in order not to forget about emotions, which are not inherent to computers. Presentation for the Parents’ Open House Evening Parents’ open house evenings play a very important role in the life of school and each student. Students have a wonderful chance to demonstrate their abilities and underline the issues, which are crucially important for students. This is why it is very important to present captivating presentation and use of the reliable material to prove or disprove some fact. Within 15 minutes, it is quite possible to present the topic and explain its strong and weak points. However, certain steps have to be taken. First, it is necessary to choose the appropriate media for the presentation and for the display. Nowadays, a lot of things can be made with the help of computers. If yesterday, people spend much time to paint something or create the necessary exhibits, nowadays, the same people have a good chance to make a presentation within several minutes – all the necessary example can be created on computers and presented to the smart auditory. Of course, one of the most reliable and frequently used media is CD-R or even CD-RW disks in compatible format. It is crucially important to close the session, otherwise, the information on the disk will be impossible to read on the PCs. Second, it is better to make several copies of the disk and check whether the information on it is available.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Alliance for Childhood and Computers in Education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To make the presentation really captivating, it is better to use big and not quite bright letters. This way, parents will not spend their time and efforts to view the information. It is also better not to use too complicated terminology, because not each parent can be aware about it. This is why it is better to find the way to speak to the point and use simple language. Interesting photos and real life facts – this is also what can make the presentation better. Computers Are Needed in Classes Without any doubts, the use of computers makes our lives easier. Students have a wonderful opportunity to prepare interesting tasks and do not pay much attention to their spelling, as they truly believe that certain computer programs will make all the necessary corrections. Teachers may spend less time to check each work, because computer programs may be rather helpful. Is it correct that computers turn out to be so crucially important in our lives? There are actually so many doubts according to this very answer. But, this time, we have another question to consider: whether computers are so important in schools. In fact, computers in education may be rather helpful. The Internet and e mails may easily stimulate the student to work â€Å"because they notice that they have audience.† (Ortega and Bravo, 2000) This is why it is better to use any means to attract student’s attention to study. However, it is also important to analyze what classrooms should be equipped with computers and students of what age should use them. To my mind, libraries and labs should have several computers in order to make the work of students easier and provide them with more time for researching. With the help of computers, students find the necessary material quicker and can concentrate on the assignment itself. At such classrooms where the lessons on literature, language, and history take place, computers are not necessary. However, where certain experiments take place or when students learn to programming or design, the computers should be obviously present. The students of 10-12 years do not pass such classes as programming or science; this is why the students of such age and early may study without computer support. As for the other students, to get proper education, they should have an access to computers and be involved into the work.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reference List Alliance for Childhood. (2000, September 12). Computers and Children: A Call for Action. Retrieved from http://drupal6.allianceforchildhood.org/computer_position_statement Cordes, C., and Miller, E. (Eds.) (2000). Fools Gold: A Critical Look at Computers in Childhood. Alliance for Childhood. Web. Ortega, M. and Bravo, J. (2000). Computers and Education in the 21 st Century. Springer.

Gay Celebrities in Interracial Marriages and Relationships

Gay Celebrities in Interracial Marriages and Relationships Interracial marriages occur more frequently among gay couples than they do among their heterosexual counterparts. Data from the 2010 census reveals that 20.6 percent of same-sex couples are interracial. That’s more than two percentage points higher than the amount of unmarried heterosexual couples (18.3 percent) in interracial relationships, and more than double the amount of married heterosexual couples (9.5 percent) in such relationships. Given the prevalence of cross-cultural relationships in the gay community, it’s no wonder that many of the celebrities who’ve come out as gay in recent years have partners of a different race. Learn more about the gay celebrities in interracial marriages and relationships with this list rundown. Robin Roberts and Amber Laign Robin Roberts came out as gay in a Facebook post in December 2013, making her arguably the most famous black lesbian in the country. The co-host of â€Å"Good Morning America† has fought breast cancer and a rare blood disorder called myelodysplastic syndrome in recent years. One of the reasons she chose to finally come out is to recognize the support she’s received from her longtime girlfriend, Amber Laign, who is white. â€Å"At this moment I am at peace and filled with joy and gratitude,† Roberts wrote. I am grateful to God, my doctors and nurses for my restored good health. I am grateful for my sister, Sally-Ann, for being my donor and giving me the gift of life.I am grateful for my entire family, my long time girlfriend, Amber, and friends as we prepare to celebrate a glorious new year together. I am grateful for the many prayers and well wishes for my recovery. I return every one of them to you 100 fold.† When Robert identified Laign as her girlfriend in a Facebook post, the couple had been involved for a decade, according to reports. Roberts and Laign live in an apartment together in New York, and their relationship was known to the ABC News staff. Roberts may have decided to go public with the relationship because she’s writing a memoir, to be released in April 2014, about the health problems she’s overcome. Mario Cantone and Jerry Dixon After 20 years together, comedian Mario Cantone, an Italian American, and Jerry Dixon, an African American, wed in October 2011. He announced his nuptials to the musical theater director on ABC’s â€Å"The View,† the chat show where he frequently serves as guest co-host. â€Å"We’re older now. We’ve been together 20 years,† said Cantone on   the talk show. â€Å"After 20 years you’re like, ‘Thanks for the anti-climactic honeymoon, government!’† Cantone, of course, was taking aim at the government for preventing same-sex couples from marrying. On a more serious note, Cantone revealed that his family members attended the wedding and that Jay Bakker, the son of late evangelist Tammy Faye Bakker Messner, conducted the ceremony. Wanda and Alex Sykes Comedienne Wanda Sykes, who is African American, wed her white wife, Alex, in 2008. The couple has two children together. Before her marriage to Alex, Sykes was married to a man. Sykes remarked on â€Å"Oprah’s Next Chapter† that she didn’t come out to her mother until she was 40 years old. It took several years for her mother to accept Syke’s sexual orientation, the comedienne told Oprah Winfrey. Sykes also said that as a black woman and a lesbian she faces three different forms of discrimination. In addition, she finds objection to same-sex marriage to be peculiar. â€Å"I don’t understand why people really get upset about something that doesn’t affect them,† she said. â€Å"And I say, do you know how many people got married yesterday? Neither do I and I don’t care.† Alec Mapa and Jamison Hebert Actor Alec Mapa of â€Å"Half Half† and â€Å"Ugly Betty† fame married filmmaker Jamison Hebert in 2008. Mapa is Filipino and Hebert is white. The two have an adopted African-American son named Zion. Mapa has said that he still faces discrimination because of his relationship. He recalled the time he and his family entered the United States after a jaunt to Mexico and a customs agent behaved rudely toward them. â€Å"He was really brusque - he said, ‘You know we don’t recognize this federally, it’s the United States,’† Mapa recounted. After the customs agent spotted the couple’s young son, however, he relented. George and Brad Takei Actor George Takei of â€Å"Star Trek† fame married his husband, Brad, in 2008. Takei is Japanese-American and his husband is white. The couple had been together for 26 years before tying the knot. They married when the state of California finally allowed same-sex couples to wed. Takei’s husband, born Brad Altman, decided to take his last name, legally changing it after the marriage ceremony. â€Å"I argued with him on that,† Takei explained to â€Å"Access Hollywood Live.† â€Å"He wanted to become a Takei.†

PROGRESSING DEVELOPMENT IN MENTAL HEALTH NURSING Essay

PROGRESSING DEVELOPMENT IN MENTAL HEALTH NURSING - Essay Example In some situations the person may make a rigid determination not to eat. In some cases malnutrition might have taken place before such older people are admitted to the hospital. However, in some cases malnutrition may be a result of suboptimal gerontological care and management, medical or surgical interventions, the psychosocial effect of hospitalisation or a lack of proactive, therapeutic personcentred interventions purpose at promoting adequate food and nutrition.  An identified caused of malnutrition in older adult is the loss of f feeding abilityy which is a common problem for older adults (Kolodny & Malek 1991, Kayser-Jones 1992, Herne 1995, Kayser-Jones & Schell 1997a, Berry & Marcus 2000) especially those with dementia (Watson 2002, Manthorpe & Watson 2003); With cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia, malnutrition is unavoidable. Such older adults do not have the cognitive ability to initiate or continue effective feeding strategies. I n contrast the older person with neuromotor disorders, such as stroke or Parkinson’s disease, may cognitively manage feeding but might not have the neuromotor skills to help chew or swallow effectively.  Moreover , the older people living in retirement and nursing homes need other support, including help with dressing, defecation and help with eating. The residents in the nursing homes need extensive nursing care and medical care as they may have diseases such as cancer, stroke sequelae or severe dementia (Hedin, 1993).   . Several studies show risk of malnutrition between 30% and 38% (Visvanathan et al. 2003); in older people (>65 years) who had recently moved to a residential home. However the problem of malnutrition still persists among older people living at home, who need help, as shown by the percentage of 3.5% reported by Thorslund et al (199). Alternatively 33–37% would be at risk of malnourished when they move home (Wikby et al. 2006).   Analysis   As we age, it is more important to look into our health and well being and the the prevention of malnutrition should be taken seriously among older people with dementia. It is much easier to prevent malnutrition among older people, rather than treating them after they have become ill from it, (Larsson et al. 1990, Payette 2005). Patients who receive information about the need for protein and energy intake and are active i have an increased intake (Pedersen 2005).   l. Malnutrition can have consequences both on the individuals affected and the carers by causing morbidity, hospital admission, delayed discharge and an increased dependence on social care and next of kin ( Van Nes et al. 2001 ).   Risk factors identified for malnutrition in earlier international studies are diseases (Beck et al. 1999, Payette 2005, Alberda et al. 2006, Chen et al. 2007), to much medications, low functional status (Payette 2005) symptoms of depression. Additionally, involuntary weight loss among older pe ople was associated with disease (Callen & Wells 2005, Payette 2005), inadequate nutrient intake and consequences for health (Payette 2005).  In 2001, a concept analysis of malnutrition in older people was first published in the Journal of Advanced Nursing, in which the critical attributes of malnutrition in older people were identified to include insufficient dietary intake, muscle wasting, weight loss, poor appetite and downward trajectory.

Porters Five Forces Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Porters Five Forces - Essay Example Johnson Controls supplies the Ford franchise with car batteries, electronics, seats and interiors. TRW is ranked higher than other peers in the industry including Johnson Control and it is due to this reason that TRW Automotive received two Ford World Excellence Awards. (United States Security Exchange, 2014) 3) Who are the major buyer groups of the product provided by the industry; what are their characteristics ( i.e. size of group, demographics, income level, etc.); are there many or few in each buyer group; who has power over whom? 4) The golden generation (55 to 64 year olds) had higher vehicle purchases than other age groups according to a recent survey by Michigan University. In 2011 alone, Ford Motors sold 23% of all its models to this age group, which was higher than all other industry players combined. This age group is estimated to be around 76 million and has passed 35 to 44 year old age group as the consumer leaders. (United States Security Exchange, 2014) According to 2014 survey, the three main industry players are General Motors Company, Ford Motor and Toyota Motor. The total number of units sold by General Motors was 2.7 million; this represents 17.9% of the total market share. Ford Motors came second with 2.4 million units sold; representing 15.9% market share. Toyota came third with 2.2 million units sold in the US, representing 14.3% of the market share. (Business Monitor International, 2014) Ford’s F-Series remains to be the best selling model in the US. However, there are domestic and international brands that are growing in popularity each year. Chrysler’s Jeep Cherokee reported 9% increase in sales, 1% shy of the F-series. Subaru has also seen its sales rise after it switched focus from china to the US. Other popular brands include Mercedes Benz and BMW. (Business Monitor International,

The Spread of Christianity in the Roman Empire Essay -- Religion Histo

Factors Which Led to the Spread of Christianity in the Roman Empire Christianity was not born in a vacumn. There were many social, geographical, historical and religious issues prevailing at the time of Christ and all of which were favorable to the spread of Christianity. Geograpicly, Christianity came into being in the Meditation world, the largest of the various centers of civilization at that time. Israel stands almost central to the five continents, dividing the east and west. Another factor, which many scholars believe to be the single most important in the spread of Christianity, is the Pax Romana. This saw a period of over two hundred years, between 30 b.c. and a.d. 193, in which there was almost total world peace, Antoninus Pius wrote in circa 150 a.d., " Wars have so far vanished as to be regarded as legendary events of the past". This peace brought great prosperity to the vast Roman Empire as money was not being spent on costly wars and so materialism became prominent, another consequence was that people now had more time to think about issues such as religion. Another benefit of the Pax Romana was that frontiers were removed and so early missionaries could travel between countries within the Empire with ease, "A man can travel from one country to another although it was his nature land" (Pius). Also, because of a "considerable civil service" (Frend) to police the roads, there was a great decrease in the amount of bandits on the main roads and so the missionaries travel was a great deal safer. Another factor, within the Roman Empire, was the growth of a proper system of roads and trade between countri... ...he line between Greek religion and philosophy because the various forms of philosophy were more than a group of intellectual systems: they were a leading influence in the moral education of both the educated and the masses and were increasingly religious. The remain schools of Greek philosophy represented in the Roman Empire were the Epicureans, the Peripatetics, the Pythagoreans, the Stoics, the Platonists and the Neo-Platonist. In conclusion, it is important to realize that it was not one single factor which was responsible for the spread of Christianity, all these figures came together to give the perfect platform for a new religion to develop, " Never before in the history of the race had conditions been so ready for the adoption of a new faith by the majority of the peoples of so large an area" (K.S Latourette).

Business: Management and Entire Selection Process

Evaluate the entire selection process for the position. Judge whether mistakes were made and discuss what could have been done differently. When I start evaluating the entire selection process, I have to start with the assessment process. The first thing that catches my attention is the fact that three of the four interviewers are men. As a woman interviewing for a job, I would be a little intimated being questioned by three men and one female. I would feel more comfortable being interviewed by a panel that was made up of two men and two women. I also think that the interview panel should have been set up to objectively view the candidate’s best and worst qualities for the position. Also, during the assessment process, I noticed that the only questions that made her feel uncomfortable were the questions that came from the men. I can see why she was feeling uncomfortable; it seemed to me like they were trying to bully her into reconsidering continuing the interview process. I think that some of the line of questioning was a little apprehensive. If I was her, I would probably feel the same way that she does. In the role playing exercise, I believe that she was set up to fail. I think that they totally sabotaged this part of the interview. George Montgomery did not have any confidence in her and he wanted to prove that she did not have what it takes to be a successful manager. He knew that if he did not cooperate with her, she would not be able to demonstrate her leadership, managerial, decision making or disciplinary skills. I do not think that it was professional for him to portray such an unrealistic character. I think that he wanted to show that she was weak and did not have what it took to be a successful manager. I think that they-the men-already knew who they wanted to hire before Jane’s interview. I am sure that was a very humiliating and â€Å"To Be Or Not To Be Promoted? †3 dehumanizing experience for her. The worst part of it was the fact that she still has to face the people on the interview committee day in and day out. Compare and contrast Joe’s, Jane’s, and Matt’s candidacy based on what you know about them. If you were the hiring manager and the final decision were yours to make, whom would you hire? Provide a persuasive rationale for your choice. Due to the fact that no information was given about Joe or Matt’s candidacy, I do not see how a competent answer can be provided for this question. The only information that was provided was about Jane. I am not able to provide a rationale decision about who I feel is most qualified to assume the role of Marketing Director, due to the fact that I do not know how any of their interviewers went. But if I had to make an assumption about who I would hire, I would hire Jane. I think that she handled herself very well under pressure despite the demanding line of questioning that some of the members of the members of the senior staff asked. I would also hire Jane because she has already proven that she is an effective leader in the organization.Business Management Study Guide She has worked her way up in the ranks and has tackled some pretty tough assignments. She is a dedicated employee and would be a great role model and leader for the organization. If you were advising each of the three final candidates for the position before the interview and before the offer was made to Joe, explain what you would advise each of them to do. Speculate about what you would say to each of them after the offer was made to Joe. I would advise each of them to practice their interview. Since they all work for the company, they should all have an idea of what the interview process should consist of. I would â€Å"To Be Or Not To Be Promoted? †4 also tell them to review the job description and make sure that they fully understand the requirements and qualifications. I would advise each of them to go in and be confident and do their best. Staying calm and composed is always good pre interview advice. Also by staying calm in a tense situation will show the panel that you can handle those types of environments. I would also tell them to show what they know about the position and convince the panel that they are the best person in the job. One of the most important things is to be on time for your interview and always dress for success. Be prepared and showcase your confidence. Even though this is an in house interview, I would also encourage each one of the potential candidates to follow up after the interview. Once the offer was made, I would reassure each of them that they did a great job during the interview and not to get discouraged because they were not chosen. I would advise them to offer assistance to Joe as he transitions to his new role and offer him a helping hand. I would advise against trying to find out why they are not selected for the position, due to the fact they do not want to hinder being selected for any other positions that may come available in the near future. Based on what you know about George Montgomery, assess his management style and describe what bearing it may have had on his selection of Joe. Based on what I know about George Montgomery, he kind of comes across as a prick. I see him as being this old guy who was introduced in the business world when it was predominately dominated by men. I do not think that he has any respect for women. I do not think that he feels like a woman deserves to be in a senior management level position. Joe may â€Å"To Be Or Not To Be Promoted? †5 be a lot like him which could have had some influence on the decision to hire him. I am sure that since they work together and have had many conversations about male and female roles in business. I am sure that there has been some office talk about expectations of the new project manager. I do not think that if all three of the candidates were from outside of the organization, the playing field would have been leveled out some. If you were Joe, the selected candidate, propose what you would do to ease any ill feelings with Jane and Matt. If I was Joe, I would offer a helping hand to Jane and Matt. I would try to help them out as much as possible and even recruit them to help me on special assignments. I do not think that it would be wise for Joe to rub the new position in their faces or make them feel interior to me because I was chosen for the job. I may even set some time aside to chit chat with them just to make sure that there are no ill feelings.

Biography of Daniel Webster, American Statesman

Daniel Webster (January 18, 1782–October 24, 1852) was one of the most eloquent and influential American political figures of the early 19th century. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives, in the Senate, and in the executive branch as the Secretary of State. Given his prominence in debating the great issues of his day, Webster was considered, along with  Henry Clay  and  John C. Calhoun, a member of the Great Triumvirate. The three men, each representing a different region of the country, defined national politics for several decades. Fast Facts: Daniel Webster Known For: Webster was an influential American statesman and orator.Born: January 18, 1782 in Salisbury, New HampshireParents: Ebenezer and Abigail WebsterDied: October 24, 1852 in Marshfield, MassachusettsSpouse(s): Grace Fletcher, Caroline LeRoy WebsterChildren: 5 Early Life Daniel Webster was born in Salisbury, New Hampshire, on January 18, 1782. He grew up on a farm, and worked there during the warm months and attended a local school in the winter. Webster later attended Phillips Academy and Dartmouth College, where he became known for his impressive speaking skills. After graduation, Webster learned the law by working for a lawyer (the usual practice before law schools became common). He practiced law from 1807 until the time he entered Congress. Early Political Career Webster first attained some local prominence when he addressed an Independence Day commemoration on July 4, 1812, speaking on the topic of the war, which had just been declared against Britain by President James Madison. Webster, like many in New England, opposed the War of 1812. He was elected to the House of Representatives from a New Hampshire district in 1813. In the U.S. Capitol, he became known as a skillful orator, and he often argued against the Madison administrations war policies. Webster left Congress in 1816 to concentrate on his legal career. He acquired a reputation as a highly skilled litigator and argued several prominent cases before the U.S. Supreme Court during the era of Chief Justice John Marshall. One of these cases, Gibbons v. Ogden, established the scope of the U.S. governments authority over interstate commerce. Webster returned to the House of Representatives in 1823 as a representative from Massachusetts. While serving in Congress, Webster often gave public addresses, including eulogies for Thomas Jefferson and John Adams (who both died on July 4, 1826). He became known as the greatest public speaker in the country. Senate Career Webster was elected to the U.S. Senate from Massachusetts in 1827. He would serve until 1841, and would be a prominent participant in many critical debates. Webster supported the passage of the  Tariff of Abominations  in 1828, and that brought him into conflict with John C. Calhoun, the intelligent and fiery political figure from South Carolina. Sectional disputes came into focus, and Webster and a close friend of Calhoun, Senator Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina, squared off in debates on the floor of the Senate in January 1830. Hayne argued in favor of states rights, and Webster, in a famous rebuttal, forcefully argued for the authority of the federal government. The verbal fireworks between Webster and Hayne became something of a symbol for the nations growing divisions. The debates were covered in detail by newspapers and watched closely by the public. As the  Nullification Crisis  developed, Webster supported the policy of  President Andrew Jackson, who threatened to send federal troops to South Carolina. The crisis was averted before violent action took place. Webster opposed the economic policies of Andrew Jackson, however, and in 1836 he ran for president as a Whig against  Martin Van Buren, a close political associate of Jackson. In a contentious four-way race, Webster only carried his own state of Massachusetts. Secretary of State Four years later, Webster again sought the Whig nomination for president but lost to  William Henry Harrison, who won the election of 1840. Harrison appointed Webster as his Secretary of State. President Harrison died a month after taking office. As he was the first president to die in office, there was a controversy over presidential succession in which Webster participated.  John Tyler, Harrisons vice president, asserted that he should become the next president, and the  Tyler Precedent  became accepted practice. Webster was one of the cabinet officials who disagreed with this decision; he felt that the presidential cabinet should share some of the presidential powers. After this controversy, Webster did not get along with Tyler, and he resigned from his post in 1843. Later Senate Career Webster returned to the U.S. Senate in 1845. He had tried to secure the Whig nomination for president in 1844 but lost to longtime rival Henry Clay. In 1848, Webster lost another attempt to get the nomination when the Whigs nominated  Zachary Taylor, a hero of the  Mexican War. Webster was opposed to the spread of slavery to new American territories. In the late 1840s, however, he began supporting compromises proposed by Henry Clay to keep the Union together. In his last major action in the Senate, he supported the  Compromise of 1850, which included the Fugitive Slave Act that was highly unpopular in New England. Webster delivered a highly anticipated address during Senate debates—later known as the Seventh of March Speech—in which he spoke in favor of preserving the Union. Many of his constituents, deeply offended by parts of his speech, felt betrayed by Webster. He left the Senate a few months later, when  Millard Fillmore, who had become president after the death of Zachary Taylor, appointed him as Secretary of State. In May 1851, Webster rode along with two New York politicians, Senator William Seward and President Millard Fillmore, on a train trip to celebrate the new Erie Railroad. At every stop across New York State crowds gathered, mostly because they were hoping to hear a speech by Webster. His oratory skills were such that he overshadowed the president. Webster tried again to be nominated for president on the Whig ticket in 1852, but the party chose General Winfield Scott at a  brokered convention. Angered by the decision, Webster refused to support Scotts candidacy. Death Webster died on October 24, 1852, just before the general election (which Winfield Scott would lose to  Franklin Pierce). He was buried in Winslow Cemetery  in  Marshfield, Massachusetts. Legacy Webster cast a long shadow in American politics. He was greatly admired, even by some of his detractors, for his knowledge and speaking skills, which made him one of the most influential political figures of his time. A statue of the American statesman stands in New Yorks Central Park. Sources Brands, H. W. Heirs of the Founders: the Epic Rivalry of Henry Clay, John Calhoun and Daniel Webster, the Second Generation of American Giants. Random House, 2018.Remini, Robert V. Daniel Webster: the Man and His Time. W.W. Norton Co., 2015.

The Element of Satire with Respect to Chaucers...

THESIS: THE ELEMENT OF SATIRE WITH RESPECT TO CHAUCERS CANTERBURY TALES It is human nature to laugh when an event goes wrong or to make a mockery of an all too serious person. But what if authors had the power to use this instinct within humans to drive a point across? In fact they do and they call this literary toolÂ…satire. Many authors have used this tool as a backbone in their writings; others have only managed to throw in elements of satire here and there. However, there was one author who had mastered this literary tool, and who could use it to the extremes. He had the ability to use it as playfully and lightheartedly as if to just tease. But, in an instant, he could use it to denigrate a person and ruin all that was†¦show more content†¦Other reasons for a satirist include, their personal feeling of inferiority or the desire to better society (Highet 240-241). Chaucer was as straightforward as a man can get (Wagenknecht 72). He saw the world as a down to earth fellow who was regarded as sweet (Wagenknecht 141). Being the son of a vintner (victuallers were the peace party), he did not approve of war except that with a religious cause (Wagenknecht 56). It is said that Chaucer would naturally take and present the most unfavorable view of the clerical body, and a correspondingly favorable one of the military (Wagenknecht 56). This is why he is so critical of the Pardoner and Summoner who represent the church. This also explains why he holds the Knight with such high regard. Even though Chaucer wrote with much vulgarity towards the church it is important to note that Chaucer was indeed religious and a Christian at that (Wagenknecht 130). This becomes more evident when looking at how he satirizes the Wife of Bath in the following lines: From the Wife of Baths general prologue In the whole parish there was not a woman Who dared precede her at the almsgiving, And if there did, so furious was she, That she was put out of all charity. (Wright 27) These lines illustrate how the Wife of Bath seems to be the first at the altar, and if she is not she becomes jealous of the other women. The Wife of Bath tends to represent herself as a woman who uses sex as a means of taking in husbands thenShow MoreRelated Powerful Satire in Chaucers Canterbury Tales Essay3466 Words   |  14 PagesPowerful Satire in The Canterbury Tales If one theme can be considered overriding or defining throughout Medieval European society, it would most likely be the concept of social class structure. During this early historical period in Europe, most of society was divided into three classes or estates: the workers, the nobles, and the clerics. By Chaucers time, however, the powerful estate structure had begun to wear down. Weaknesses in the system became apparent, as many people, such as ChaucerRead MoreAnalysis Of The Knight And His Tale2835 Words   |  12 PagesAnalysis of the Knight and His Tale in The Canterbury Tales The Canterbury Tales, a poem consisting of several tales told by various pilgrims, is perhaps the most well known work of Geoffrey Chaucer. The Canterbury Tales Chaucer introduces the pilgrims in the general prologue many of the pilgrims in a satirical manner. In prologue to The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer introduces the Knight as â€Å"a true perfect gentle-knight,† (5) who exemplifies the code of chivalry. The tale that the Knight later narratesRead More Contradictions in Chaucers The Canterbury Tales Essay3897 Words   |  16 PagesContradictions in Chaucers The Canterbury Tales There is no question that contradictory values make up a major component of The Canterbury Tales. Fate vs. Fortuna, knowledge vs. experience and love vs. hate all embody Chaucers famous work. These contrasting themes are an integral part of the complexity and sophistication of the book, as they provide for an ironic dichotomy to the creative plot development and undermine the superficial assumptions that might be made. The combination of completelyRead MoreEssay on Chaucers Concept of `The Good Man1072 Words   |  5 Pagesluxury of the laity. His `Canterbury Tales can be called an estates satire, in which the people belonging to the different layers of the class are satirized. As Chaucer himself belonged to the middle class and therefore he has chosen for his theme the portraits of people from the upper middle class and downwards. He has not chosen the very rich or the very poor as they could not be represented with realism as pilgrims on the way to the shrine of Thomas `a Beckett in Canterbury. The General PrologueRead MoreFigurative Language and the Canterbury Tales13472 Words   |  54 Pagesfollows its earthly counterpart; the negative or evil manifestation of what is actually on the â€Å"inside† of the haunted character. The Creature is Victor Frankenstein’s doppelganger. 24. dramatic monologue: a kind of lyric poem which has the following elements: 1) a single person, a speaker (patently not the poet) utters the entire poem in a specific situation at a critical moment; and 2) this person addresses and interacts with one or more other people, but we know of the auditor’s presence and what theyRead MoreStudy Guide Literary Terms7657 Words   |  31 Pagesor other substitute later, or occasionally earlier, in the same or in another, usually subsequent, sentence. In Jane lost a glove and she cant find it, Jane is the antecedent of she and glove is the antecedent of it. Logic. the conditional element in a proposition, as â€Å"Caesar conquered Gaul,† in â€Å"If Caesar conquered Gaul, he was a great general.† 8. Anthropomorphism: Where animals or inanimate objects are portrayed in a story as people, such as by walking, talking, or being given arms

My First Semester At Touro College - 1631 Words

During my first semester at Touro College, I took a course on the History and Philosophy of Education and Special Education. Throughout this course, I was introduced to many philosophers and their theories, which helped me to develop a personal educational philosophy that I will implement into my own future classrooms. In our very first class session, we examined the word ‘education’. Education derives from two Latin roots, educare: to bring up, to train, to teach, and educere: to lead forth, to draw forth, to guide. In the world of education today, a child’s success in school is primarily dependant on his or her ability to pass standardized tests; this embodies the concept of educare. Knowledge is passed down from the teacher to the†¦show more content†¦He tells us, But examples of this kind are but few; and I think I may say, that, of all the men we meet with, nine parts of ten are what they are, good or evil, useful or not, by their education. It is that which makes the great difference in mankind. The little, or almost insensible impressions on our tender infancies, have very important and lasting consequences: and there it is, as in the fountains of some rivers, where a gentle application of the hand turns the flexible waters in channels, that make them take quite contrary courses; and by this direction given them at first in the source, they receive different tendencies, and arrive at last at very remote and distant places (Cahn, 2012, p. 106). Locke believed that at birth the mind is a blank slate, or tabula rasa, and empty of ideas, but they have natural inclinations. Like John Locke, I believe that education, and developing the mind, is what truly determines character. The mind of a child is impressionable, regardless of their natural tendencies, and education can form it. I believe that early childhood education should not just be about teaching students facts. In Pedagogy of the Oppressed, Paulo Freirie said that â€Å"education thus becomes an act of depositing, in which the students are the depositories and the teacher is the depositor† (Cahn, 2012, p. 379). I believe that knowledge is derived through experiences and knowledge

Supply Cahin Management of Alauddin Textile Mills (Pvt.) Limited Free Essays

string(214) " So the objective should be identified firstly, and on the basis of objectives or with a view to achieve that objectives the plan is designed and next steps are taken to implement the outline about the objectives\." Chapter One: Introduction 1. 1: Introduction Bangladesh is rich in natural resources as well as human resources. There are many garments and textiles in this country for the availability of manpower. We will write a custom essay sample on Supply Cahin Management of Alauddin Textile Mills (Pvt.) Limited or any similar topic only for you Order Now Favorable environment for work and co-operation of government also encourage establishing garments and textile industries here. Alauddin Textile Mills (ATM) Pvt. Limited is one of the well-known textile mills in Bangladesh. In this paper, I take Alauddin Textile Mills (ATM) Pvt. Ltd. as a field of my investigation and research. This company is also known as ATM lungi factory locally for producing popular product â€Å" ATM Lungi†. This company is to conduct many of it’s activities for supplying it’s well-known product to the customers . Of them, I chose it’s supply chain management as my research field. Because, supply chain management is an inevitable part of any company. I noticed it’s all supply chain activities very closely. In recent years, supply chain management (SCM) has been developed as essential management philosophy and practice for all business operations. As with other business management principles, SCM also applies to the textile and apparel industries. A sound supply chain management helps to identify the supplier and the customer demand that operation must satisfy, link customer demand with suppliers and production plans, and keep the operation function focused on satisfying customers’ need. The supply chain not only includes the manufacturer and suppliers, but also transporters, warehouses, retailers, and customer themselves. Supply chain management (SCM) is the synchronized of a firm’s processes and those of its suppliers to match the flow of materials, services, and information with customer demand. It is also a process of managing operations control, resource acquisition and purchasing, and inventory to improve overall efficiency and effectiveness. This paper focuses on some of the major aspects of supply chain management with its major recompense and how to design and implement effective and efficient supply chain management. 1. 2: Background of the company: Alauddin Textile Mills (Pvt. ) is a well known textile industry of Bangladesh. It has achieved it’s fame to produce lungi a native popular product of Bangladesh. Now a days â€Å"ATM Lungi† is now most popular brand in lungi in Bangladesh. Garments and textiles are considered as a beck and belly of earning foreign currency. Especially Dhaka region has the major concentration in establishing garments and textiles. So ATM Pvt. Limited has chosen Tangail and Norshindi which are near at hand of Dhaka, as factory place. It is a private limited firm. The incorporation period of this firm is 1993. Mr. Alauddin (engineer) is the entrepreneur and custodian of this company. He started production in a small amount with small capital and sell it in the local market of Tangail. Initially, he had to face many hardship to cut a established figure. But,He gradullay become afford to occupy the local market for maintaining good quality product. Thus, in a short possible time ATM Lungi disbursed it’s reputation throughout the whole country. It is registered with Board of Investment ( Bangladesh). This company out and out concerned with textile business. Cotton, Yarn, Fabric are the listed product of this firm. But, Lungi is the finished goods of ATM Limited. It was the outset of this company when the number of worker was only a handful 10-15 and employees were 2 and Mr. Alauddin himself executed his business. Now, about 2300 workers and 200 employees are at the disposal of this company . Female workers have taken the possession of 45% of total number of workers. It is mentionable that this company didn’t allow no child labor so far. This company is also the member of Dhaka Chamber of commerce, and Narshindi amp;Tangail Chamber of commerce. 1. 3: Statement of the problem: In production plan of this factory, there are many hardship faced by the production manager. To run production smoothly it is crucial to perform some logistics. These are procurement, operation, distribution, after sale, disposal, human resource management, channel management, material handling logistics etc needed to handle potentially for having a smoothly production . Because for the distance amp; infrastructure problem, many producer fail to produce as their expectation. Bangladesh is not affluent in producing raw materials of textile industries. It is another problem for why these factories always worry about raw material supply. Besides this, human resource management has become the most critical task in garment or textile ndustries. Actually, companies don’t have enough time to spend to conduct any research to find out these problems. I have tried to find out some problems regarding production point to selling point in this paper. I do believe my report help this company to unearth problems regarding SCM. 1. 4: Importance of the study: Theoretical information is not sufficient for business students because there is a gap betwee n theoretical knowledge and practical ground. This internship program has been initiated mainly to less this gap. So, this practical idea on various activities and functions of different department of Alauddin Textile Mills (Pvt. ) Ltd. help me in future to increase my efficiency and effectiveness. . I believe that the analysis, findings and recommendations will be helpful for the organization to effectively utilize the benefit of supply chain management amp; increase the efficiency and effectiveness of their current operations. The use of these tools enables the textile industries to greatly increase its profitability because it is able to match supply and demand in a much more coordinated fashion. Therefore, the importances of this study are- †¢ To gather practical knowledge about supply chain activities of textile mills in Bangladesh. †¢ It helps to scrutinize the strength and weakness of the company’s SCM system. †¢ Finding the problem regarding SCM. †¢ It will Measure efficiency of the company in all logistics. †¢ Finding the gap of previous research regarding this. †¢ Recommending some suggestion against the problems 1. 5: Objectives of the study: Objective means the target concern for which certain effort or works are performed. There may be a single objective or multi-objectives. So the objective should be identified firstly, and on the basis of objectives or with a view to achieve that objectives the plan is designed and next steps are taken to implement the outline about the objectives. So, the main objectives of this study is are- * Achieving a realistic idea of existing system of Supply Chain Management of this industry. * Problems faced by the participants. * Opinion of different groups faced the problems. * To give a few suggestions. 1. 6: Methodology: This report is being tried to complete micro level study in a confined, specific, and a given period. To prepare the report I have followed some specific methods and technique, which were helpful for collecting and analyzing data. After I determined what and why I am looking for, then I set adrift our boat to the sea. In this report I have used primary and secondary data. After getting adequate materials I then went through the materials and was trying to find the answer of my objective questions. Within the process I had to contact with my supervisor sir. Evaluating all the information I gathered different record and statement of ATM privet limited, BTMA report has helped me preparing this report. The subject material of this report is on primary and secondary sources of data and information. Sources of information:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Primary source * Relevant document studies   as provided by the officers concerned. * Observation of various departments. * Collection information from suppliers and customers through questionnaire. Secondary source * Annual report of ATM privet limited. * Prospectus of ATM private limited . *   Brief of ATM privet limited chief officers and staff. * Extensive literature search on the basis of document and publication, BTMA, BTMC, BGMEA. Interview supplying agents and customer of the company through questionnaire. Population: The study is about supply chain management of the company so the populations are considering as supplier agents and all the customer of the company. Sample: Sample is a subset, or some part, of large population. It is not possible to take al l data in report writing so I am take sample for data analysis. I have taken ten samples from the supplier agents and the customer in the company. Sampling: Sampling is the process of using a small number of items or parts of larger population to make conclusions about the whole population. There are various types of sampling. In my study I am follow the simple random sampling. Simple random sampling is a sampling procedure that assures each element in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample 1. 7: Limitations of the study: I won’t say that my study and the decisions I made are self sufficient. That doesn’t mean that there was any dearth of my professionalism and eagerness to reach to the solution, rather it means that I had to face some obstacles. Those may be summarized as follows: * It was so difficult to collect the adequate and real data from the assigned organization. Lack of experience in related field. * The research area was so far from our institution. * Due to the lack of time I could not acquire in depth knowledge of the activities of different department perfectly and clearly.. * Improper combination among various departments. * There was not any research regarding this topic in this institution. So, it was complication f or me to collect data collection. * Adequate books, publication and journals were not available. * The respondents were not aware enough about my work. It took me more time to conduct my research. 1. : Tentative presentation of the study: This report is composed of eight chapters, which are further divide into different parts. In the first chapter, the introductory portion has been present along with background of the study, Importance of study and the objective of the study and the methodology, limitation and Literature review discuss in chapter two. A conceptual framework is included in chapter three from where we will be able to get the basic idea about the operation of the company. Chapter four includes result and discussion based on objective of the study. From where the textile mill collect raw materials, how they collect the raw materials, what are the basic raw material required by the spinning sector are discussed in this chapter. What are the main considerations in selecting suppliers, process of making order for raw material, landing procedure of import are also discussed in the chapter. The summary and recommendation of the study are discussed in chapter Five. Chapter six highlighted the reference of the study from where I gathered theoretical knowledge about it. Chapter seven exposes bibliography. And in chapter eight, I have discussed appendices that include some table figure and questionnaire. Chapter Two: Literature Review A literature review is a body of text that aims to review the critical points of current knowledge including substantive findings as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. Literature reviews are secondary sources, and as such, do not report any new or original experimental work. Most often associated with academic-oriented literature, such as a thesis, a literature review usually precedes a research proposal and results section. Its ultimate goal is to bring the reader up to date with current literature on a topic and forms the basis for another goal, such as future research that may be needed in the area. There are lots of researches in supply chain management in world. There are many books also regarding SCM. Graham Heaslip (School of Business and Humanities, Department of Management Studies, Institute of Technology Carlow, Ireland) on his book of Supply Chain Management: Strategy, Planning and Operation he tried to identify the core activities of SCM of any firm. He discuss about strategy needed to operate SCM activities for smoothly run of production. Ning Cao, Zhiming Zhang, Chester To and Roger Ng (Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University) in their study of â€Å"Supply Chain Management Practice and Competitive Advantage in Textile and Apparel Industries† they conducted an empirical study. They showed there the overall practices of Supply Chain management of various industries in Hong Kong. Pankage Chandra (Professor of Operations amp; Technology Management) Publish a research on â€Å"The Textile and Apparel Industry in Indian,† in The Oxford Companion to Economics in India, 2007. He analyzed Manufacturing management; Supply chain coordination; Building technological capabilities; Hi-tech entrepreneurship in his research. An article written by Prof. Atanu Ghosh on â€Å"Supply Chain for the Apparel Industry – Some Tips†Ã‚  was  published in RETAIL e-LETTER of the Retail Vision Group, Issue No. 21, 20th November 2003. He also give some recommendation regarding textile industries SCM practices. A research was conducted in Makson Spinning mills Ltd by Student of BRAC University in Bangladesh. They measured the efficiency of practices of SCM management of Makson Spinning mills Ltd. They also showed Prospectus of MSML, published on 18 September-2008 By Kazi Anwarul Masud in study of Bangladesh Economy- Problems amp; Prospects with garments and textile industries- Part II on march 2010 mentioned the economic philosophy of textile industries in Bangladesh. Problems and Prospect of Garments Industry in Bangladesh (Part-7) By  Abu Zafour Published 19 October 2009 is another study regarding this. There are problem of garment and textile industries in Bangladesh. Chapter Three: Conceptual Framework of Supply Chain A supply chain (SC) consists of all parties involved, directly or indirectly, n fulfilling a customer request. The supply chain not only includes the manufacturer and suppliers, but also transporters, warehouses, retailers, and customer themselves. Within each organization, such as a manufacturer, the supply chain includes all functions involved in receiving and filling a customer request. These functions include, but are not limited to, new product develo pment, marketing, operations, distribution, finance, and customer service. Supply chain management (SCM) is the management of a network of interconnected businesses involved in the ultimate provision of product and service packages required by end customers. Supply chain management spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption (supply chain). Another definition is provided by the APICS Dictionary when it defines SCM as the â€Å"design, planning, execution, control, and monitoring of supply chain activities with the objective of creating net value, building a competitive infrastructure, leveraging worldwide logistics, synchronizing supply with demand and measuring performance globally A typical supply chain may involve a variety of stages. These supply chain stages includes: * Customers Retailers * Wholesalers/Distributors * Manufacturers * Component/ Raw material suppliers A firm can vary supply of products by controlling a combination of the following two factors: ? Production capacity ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Inventory Following I list some specific approaches to managing capacity and inventory with the goal of maximizing profits. Managing Capacity: When managing capacity to meet predictable variability, firms use a combination of the following approaches. a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Time flexibility from workforce b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Use of seasonal workforce. c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Use of subcontracting. d)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Use of dual facilities )  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Designing product flexibility into the production in processes Managing Inventory: When managing inventory to meet predictable variability, firms use a combination of the following approaches: a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Using common components across multiple products b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Build inventory of high demand or predictable demand products. All the Supply Chain drivers discussed up until this point have dealt directly with some physical aspect of the supply chain. Information is the supply chain drivers that serves as the glue allowing the other three drivers to work together to create an integrated, coordinated supply chain. Information is crucial to supply chain performance because it provides the foundation on which supply chain processes execute transactions and managers make decisions. With out information, a manager will not know what customers want, how much inventory is in stock, and when more products should be produced and shipped. In short, without information a manager can only make decisions blindly. Therefore, information makes the supply chain visible to a manager. With this visibility, a manager can make decisions to improve the supply chain’s performance. In much way’s information is the most important of the four supply chain drivers because without it, none of the other drivers can be used to deliver a high level of performance. Given the role of information in a supply chain’s success, managers must understand how information is gathered and analyzed. This is where IT comes into play. IT consists of the hardware and software throughout supply chains that gather, analyze, and act on information. IT serves as the eyes and ears of management in a supply chain, capturing and analyzing the information necessary to make a good decision. Using IT system to capture and analyze information can have a significant impact on a firm’s performance. For example, a major manufacturer of computer work stations and serves found that much of the information on customer demand was not being used to set production schedules and inventory levels. Information is the key to the success of a supply chain because it enables management to make decisions over a broad scope that crosses both functions and companies. Information must have the following characteristics to be useful when making supply chain decisions: 1. Information must be accurate: Without information that gives the true picture of the state of the supply chain, it is very difficult to make good decisions. That is not to say all information must be 100 percent correct but rather than the data available paint a picture of reality that is at least directionally correct. 2. Information must be accessible in a timely manner: Often a accurate information exists, but by the time it is available, it is either out of date or if it is current, it is not in an accessible form. To make good decisions, a manager needs to have up-to-date information that is easily accessible. 3. Information must be of the right kind: Decision makers need information that they can use. Often companies will have large amounts of data that is not helpful with decision making. Companies must think about what information should be recorded so that valuable resources are not wasted collecting meaningless data while important data goes unrecorded. Supply chain management is a cross-functional approach to managing the movement of raw materials into an organization, certain aspects of the internal processing of materials into finished goods, and then the movement of finished goods out of the organization toward the end-consumer. As organizations strive to focus on core competencies and becoming more flexible, they have reduced their ownership of raw materials sources and distribution channels. These functions are increasingly being outsourced to other entities that can perform the activities better or more cost effectively. The effect has been to increase the number of organizations involved in satisfying customer demand, while reducing management control of daily logistics operations. Less control and more supply chain partners led to the creation of supply chain management concepts. The purpose of supply chain management is to improve trust and collaboration among supply chain partners, thus improving inventory visibility and improving inventory velocity. Several models have been proposed for understanding the activities required to manage material movements across organizational and functional boundaries. SCOR is a supply chain management model promoted by the Supply Chain Management Council. Another model is the SCM Model proposed by the Global Supply Chain Forum (GSCF). Supply chain activities can be grouped into strategic, tactical, and operational levels of activities. Strategic * Strategic network optimization, including the number, location, and size of warehouses, distribution centers and facilities. * Strategic partnership with suppliers, distributors, and customers, creating communication channels for critical information and operational improvements such as cross docking, direct shipping, and third-party logistics. * Product design coordination, so that new and existing products can be optimally integrated into the supply chain, load management * Information Technology infrastructure, to support supply chain operations. Tactical * Sourcing contracts and other purchasing decisions. * Production decisions, including contracting, locations, scheduling, and planning process definition. * Inventory decisions, including quantity, location, and quality of inventory. * Transportation strategy, including frequency, routes, and contracting. * Benchmarking of all operations against competitors and implementation of best practices throughout the enterprise Operational * Production and distribution planning, including all nodes in the supply chain. Production scheduling for each manufacturing facility in the supply chain (minute by minute). * Demand planning and forecasting, coordinating the demand forecast of all customers and sharing the forecast with all suppliers. * Sourcing planning, including current inventory and forecast demand, in collaboration with all suppliers. * Inbound operations, including transportation from suppliers and receiving inventory. * Production operations, including the consumption of materials and flow of finished goods. * Outbound operations, including all fulfillment activities and transportation to customers. Order promising, accounting for all constraints in the supply chain, including all suppliers, manufacturing facilities, distribution centers, and other customers. Chapter Four: Result and Discussion In this chapter, the study needs to discuss about the existing production system where the SCM system will be focused according to the first objective of this study. Here, there is a chronological discussion about the existing supply chain management activities. The following are the raw materials needed producing finished product of this company- 4. 1: Textile fibers Fibers used for the production of yarn are called textile fibers. All the fibers are not textile fibers, textile fibers must have some of the essential characteristics e. g. 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Minimum length to insert twist. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Strength 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fineness 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pliability or flexibility 5)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cohesiveness 6)  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rigidity or stiffness 7)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Elongation amp; Elasticity 8)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moisture Absorbency etc. Classification of textile fibers: Different textile fibers are used in textile industry. Some of them we get from natural sources and some of them are man-made classification of fibers are shown in the following chart: Figure: Classification of Textile Fiber 4. 2 Basic Considerations in selection of raw material Textile fiber’s length analysis Wide variations of fiber lengths occur within a fiber of the same source as well as between varieties obtained from different source. Staple fibers include all natural fibers except, sild-sidk is a natural filament fiber Man-made fibers, manufactured in filament form, and silk filament fibers may be cut up to form short staple fibers. Staple is fiber of cotton, wool or ramie etc. of no more than a few inches long. Filament is usually a manmade fiber of indefinite length. The size of yarn is usually related to the weight of the fabric, for heavy fabrics we use thick yarn, for light fabrics we use fine yarn. Textile fiber’s diameter analysis: The diameter of a fiber is the distance across the fiber’s cross section. The diameter of  Ã‚   natural staple fibers is irregular and may vary from one part of the fiber to another. Staple fiber diameters are measured in microns. The diameters of the smooth, even filament man-made fibers is uniform 4. 3 Characteristics of textile Spun yarn * Composed of short staple fibers of definite length Made from natural cotton, flax or wool staple fibers * Made from natural or Man-made filaments which are chopped or cut into short lengths and referred to as filament staple yarn. * Individual fiber length vary * Bigger and wider in diameter than filament fiber yarns. * Fuzzy appearance and feel; fiber ends protrude from yarn * Uneven number of fibers throughout * Range from soft, loose construction to hard fi nished, fine twist yarn * Thick and thin areas highly twisted * Fall apart when untwisted * Dull or flat in appearance * Rough to the touch Natural textural appearance and feel * Bulkier to the feel * Provide good covering power * Snagging depends on fabrics structure * Pilling depends on fiber content 4. 4 Characteristics of textile blended yarn amp; fabric In order to achieve certain appearance, and effect on fabrics or to avoid paying high import duty on garments to be exported to the exported to the United States which is the biggest buyer of garments from the Asian producing countries, we often mix different fibers in the yarn to make fabrics. Instead of using only one kind of fiber, we may use 2 or 3 kinds. As each kind of fiber has its own characteristics, when we plan to mix them, we should consider their characteristics to create a hybrid with the characteristics we need. Therefore it is important that we know the characteristics of the following key fibers: Cotton: Soft, very absorbent, shrinks when washed easy to crease. Ramie amp; linen: Compared to cotton, not soft, less absorbent, shrinks when washed, but to a less extent, easy to crease Rayon: Compared to cotton, softer than cotton equally absorbent, Shrinks more than cotton, very easy to crease, has a luster like silk Polyester: Compared to cotton, not soft, absorbent at all, does not shrink in normal wash not easy to crease Wool: The characteristics vary dependent on the kind of wool it is, but it has these general characteristics: Compared to cotton, not very soft, not absorbent. The staple is slightly crispy which can lead to a bulky effect when finally made into fabrics. It shrinks seriously when washed in hot water. Not easy to crease. Nylon: Can be soft or firm dependent on the finish applied, not absorbent, does not shrink when washed, not easy to crease, very strong Silk: Finer and softer than cotton, equally absorbent, shrinks more than cotton easy to crease, has a smooth surface with luster when it is made into fabric. Acrylic: Not soft, not absorbent, dies not shrink in normal wash. The staple is slightly 4. 5 Suppliers Selection and Contracts Once the analysis has been completed, a list of promising suppliers will emerge. The firm select desired suppliers using a variety of mechanisms including off- line competitive bids, reserve actions, or direct negotiations. No matter what mechanism is used, supplier selection should be based on total cost of using a supplier and not just the purchase price. Before selecting a supplier, the firm must decide whether it will use single sourcing or will have multiple suppliers from which to source the product. Single sourcing is used to guarantee the supplier sufficient business when the supplier has to make a significant buyer-specific investment. Once suppliers have been selected, contracts have to be structured between the buyer and each supplier. 4. 6 Placement Process of an Order ATM places the order of raw materials to the suppliers. When placing an order for raw materials it needs highest 30 days. For placing an order they use some medium, the mediums are: ? E-mail ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fax ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Letter ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Phone The company asks for proforma invoice from the suppliers using the aforesaid means of communication where the terms and conditions are mentioned clearly. 4. 7 List of Banks involved in import of ATM Dutch Bangla Bank Ltd Norshindi Brach, Norshindi Pubali Bank Ltd. Tangail Branch, Tangail. 4. 8 List of Major local Agents of ATM 1. A. R. Cotton 2. Dhaka Cotton 3. Trade Scan Int’l 4. Desh cot 4. 9 List of Major Supplier of raw cotton of ATM 1. Indian Cotton Company-India 2. LGW Industries 3. P. D. Sekhsaria-India 4. Omprakash Shiva. 4. 10: The Procurement Process Once supplier have been selected, contracts are in place, and the product has been designed, the buyer and supplier engage in procurement transactions that begin with the buyer placing the order end with the buyer receiving and paying for the order. When designing the procurement process, it is important to consider goods that the process will be used to purchase. There are two main categories of purchased goods Direct and Indirect materials. Direct materials are components used to make finished goods. Indirect materials are goods used to support the operations of a firm. A good example of a procurement process that focuses on these objectives is the e-Hub initiative at Cisco. As ATM Mills Ltd. Produce 100% cotton yarn only, the main raw material is the Fibers. The company imports fibers from, Canada, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, India, and Pakistan etc. Imports of raw cotton by ATM in June-2011 SL| SELLER| INDENTOR| L/C NO| Description| Bales| 01| Cargil Cotton, U. K| Bakul Ltd. | 2217-08-01-0470| Origin-UzbekistanGrowth-SM, Staple-1. 1/8†,Mic- 3. 8-4. 9 NCL,| 1110| 02| Mambo Commodities, U. K| Dhaka Cotton| 3037-08-02-0003| Growth-Benin, Grade:Kaba-SStaple- 1. 1/8†, Mic-3. 5-4. 9 NCLPressley-29 GPT| 1106| 03| Plexus Cotton, U. K| Bakul Ltd. | 1335-08-01-0534(Bulbul Tex)| Origin- MaliStaple-1-1/8†,| 1092| 04| Cottonex Anstalt, Vaduz| Wellcot Inter’l| 1335-08-01-0541| Origin- CIS (Uzbek)Grade- Pervey selected-SM| 1164| 08| Cottonex Anstalt| Wellcot Inter’l| 1335-04-01-0611| Origin- CIS(Uzbek) Grade- Pervy Selected-SM, Staple- 1-1/8†,| 1206| | | | Total Bales| 7777| | | | | | | | Statement of Raw cotton Purchase by ATM as on 20 September-2011 1. L/C IN PIPE LINE SUPPLIERINDENTOR| L/C NO. | DESCRIPTION OFRAW COTTON| QTY| VALUE| P. D. SEKHSARIA-INDIADHAKA COTTON CO. | LC- 0793DT. 05-07-08SBL| MCU-5 –30 MM INDIA| 100M/Tons=220,460lbs+150 M/Tons =330,690 lbs (1490 Bales)| $ 156,526. 60$ 234,789. 90$ 3,91,316. 00| P. D. SEKHSARIA-INDIADHAKA COTTON CO. | LC – 0893 DT. 08. 12. 03  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SBL| SANKAR-6 (SUPER) –28. 56 MMINDIA| 120 M/Tons =264,552 lbs (720 Bales)| $ 190,477. 44| P. D. SEKHSARIA-INDIADHAKA COTTON CO. | LC – 0916 DT. 17. 12. 03  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   SBL| MCU-5 –30 MM INDIA| 120M/Tons =264,552 Lbs (720 Bales)| $ 194,445. 2| INDIAN COTTON COMPANY- INDIAA. R. COTTON TRADING, DHAKA| LC – 0023DT. 10. 01. 04| MCU-5, 30 MMINDIA| 244. 9M/Tons=539980 Lbs (1400 Bales)| $ 383,385. 80| 2. RAW COTTON IN BOOKING (L/C DUE FOR OPEN) SUPPLIERINDENTOR| DESCRIPTION OFRAW COTTON| QTY INBALES| QTY IN  LBS| U. PRICE| VALUE| MAMBO COMMODITIES, U. K| KABA-S 1. 1/8†28 GPT| 260 M/TONS| 573,196 . 00| USC 76. 00| $435,628. 96| 4. 11 Making Sourcing Decisions in Practice This involves choosing the suppliers that will deliver the goods and services you need to create your products or services. It also involves developing a set of pricing, delivery and payment processes with suppliers and create measurement criteria for monitoring and improving the relationships. Enterprises also need to put together processes for managing the inventory of goods and services that they receive from suppliers, including receiving shipments, verifying them, transferring them to their manufacturing facilities and authorizing supplier payments. 1. Use multifunctional teams: Effective strategies for sourcing result from multifunctional collaboration within the firm. A sourcing strategy from the purchasing group is likely to be narrow and focus on purchase price. 2. Ensure appropriate coordination across regions and business units: Coordination of purchasing across all regions and business units allows a firm to maximize economies of scale in purchasing and also to reduce transaction costs. 3. Always evaluate the total cost of ownership: An effective sourcing strategy should not make price reduction its sole objectives. All factors that influence the total cost of ownership should be identified and used for supplier selection. Build long term relationship with key suppliers: A basic principle of good sourcing is that a buyer and a supplier working together will generate more opportunities for savings than the two parties working independently 4. 12: The Role of the Safety Inventory in the Supply Chain Safety inventory is inventory carried for the purpose of satisfying demand that exceeds the amount forecasted for a given period. Safety inventory is carried because demand forecasts are uncertain and a product shortage may result if actual demand exceeds the forecast demand. Figure: Inventory profit with safety inventory For any supply chain, there are two key questions to consider when planning safety inventory: 1. What is the appropriate level of safety inventory to carry? 2. What actions can be taken to improve product availability while reducing safety inventory? Impact of Supply Uncertainty on Safety Inventory In many practical situations, supply uncertainty also plays a significant role. Consider the case of the Dell assembly plant in Austin. Dell assembles computers to customer order. When planning the level of component inventory, Dell clearly has to take demand uncertainty into account. Suppliers, however, may not be able to deliver the components required on time for a variety of reasons. Dell must also account for this supply uncertainty when planning its safety inventories. The basic principle of textile is to spin textile fibers into yarn and weaving . Bales of cotton will be opened, mixed and then will be passed through the blow room line to remove dirt, foreign materials and to open the tufts of fibers and ultimately to produce regular lap by scutcher. The laps will pass through the carding machine to individualize the fibers and to remove dirt, neaps ;amp; short fibers and finally produces slivers. As and when necessary these slivers will pass through the lap former to produce comber laps. The laps will be fed to the combing machine to remove the maximum short fibers and ultimately to produce regular slivers. The combed slivers will pass through the drawing frame, where doubling and drafting will be done and will produce regular sliver which will be fed to the simplex rime to produce roving and then ell be fed to the spinning frames where drafting and twisting will be done and will produce yarn in bobbin form. Finally, heat setting of yarn will be done, before coning. Thereafter, individual cones will be wrapped in polythene packing in paper cartons ( 100 lb. each carton) and sent to the market. In rotor card sliver will be feed to the draw frame 1st and 2nd passage after that final drawing sliver will be feed to the rotor frame and in rotor frame drafting and twisting will be done and finally yarn will be wind in cone form these cone will be delivered to knitting section 50% will be sold out. Figure: Flow chart for producing yarns at ATM Enterprises need to schedule activities necessary for production, testing, packaging and preparation for delivery. This is also the most metric-intensive portion of the supply chain so quality levels, production output and worker productivity have to be measured. 4. 13: Spare Parts and machinery used By ATM for yarn production To produce the export yarn the following Spare Parts and m/c s are mainly used by ATM SL| Name of section| Machine and spare parts specification| Quantity| 01| Blow room| Foreign Fiber Detector| 1. Nos| | 02| Carding| Taken in under Casing Segment and Stationary Flat| 14. Nos| | 03| Carding| Stripping Roller For Flats| 14. Nos| | 4| Simplex| Simplex Saddle Spring SKF Germany| 1000 Nos| | 05| Simplex| Simplex PVC Core Cots (Beveled) Size: 1 D = 19 mm  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   0 D = 28 mm  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Length = 39 mm| 1800 Nos| | 06| Simplex| Spacer White and Green Original SKF| 500+500=1000 Nos| | 07| Simplex| Flyer Presser For F L 16  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ( 108 Spindle)| 100 Nos| | 08| Ring| Cot Irradiation Machine( U. V Treatment)| 1 Nos| | 09| Finishing| Yarn Conditioner micHeat Salting| 1 Nos| | 10| Quality Control| H V I / H F I Mic( For Fiber Testing)| 1 Nos| | 11| Quality| Twist Tester| 1 Nos| | 2. | Weaving| Power loom| 150| | 4. 14: Textile Yarn Construction Yarn count, yarn ply and yarn construction interrelate to form the characteristics of yarn. Yarn construction is classified as: a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Simple/ conventional yarns are two or more simple single yarns plied or twisted together. They are referred to as two three, four, five or six ply yarn. Size and number of plies may be changed for different weaves or fabric structures. b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Complex/Novelty Yarns are single or plied yarn structures characterized by international introduced irregularities in size and twist effects. The irregularities of novelty yarns may be uniform. c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Metallic Yarns produced by lacquering aluminum pigment or by laminating aluminum foil between layers of plastic. Since metallic yarns are flat rather than round as most other man- made fiber yarns, the size of the yarn is specified in  inches. d)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Textured Yarns are the end result of physical, chemical or thermal manipulation of fibers and yarns so that they are no longer straight or uniform. The manipulation process of textured yarns results in the modification and altering of the arrangement of fiber and yarn. )  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Stretch Yarns may be applied to yarns by chemical or mechanical methods. Not all methods or fibers will achieve equality effective stretch properties. 4. 15: Discussion on new spinning systems Open-End Rotor spinning: The most successful of the new spinning systems is open end rotor spinning which is now termed as conventional spinning system. The success of rotor spinnin g is due to the increase of its productivity. Advantage of rotor spinning: 1. Lower labor cost 2. Less power consumption 3. Cheaper raw material 4. Larger package size 5. Higher productivity, because of higher speed 6. Elimination of roving, no use of simplex m/c 7. easy handling Wrap spinning: The wrap or hollow spindle spinning system uses the tecjmoque of wrapping, a continuous filament yarn round a central core of parallel staple fiber and this system can be used for both short and long staple. Wrap spinning is considered as complementary to the ring and not a complete replacement. It is suitable for coarse count up to 30s. Friction spinning: The basic principle of friction spinning is that it is an opening system, the fibers are carried with an air flow forward the collecting area between two friction surfaces. Friction spinning, like air jet spinning is limited in practice by the yarn quality. Finer count yarn produced in friction spinning than ring or Rotor spinning with comparatively production level. 4. 16: Textile Yarn finishing system ATM Yarn finishing starts after Ring till transfer to finished store For Hank form  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For cone form Figure: Process sequence of finishing 4. 17: Weaving and dyeing: Weaving is a method of fabric production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth. The other methods are knitting, lace making and felting. The longitudinal threads are called the warp and the lateral threads are the weft or filling. The method in which these threads are inter woven affects the characteristics of the cloth. Cloth is usually woven on a loom, a device that holds the warp threads in place while filling threads are woven through them. The way the warp and filling threads interlace with each other is called the weave. The majority of woven products are created with one of three basic weaves: plain weave, satin weave, or twill. Woven cloth can be plain (in one color or a simple pattern), or can be woven in decorative or artistic designs. As the final product of ATM is Lungi , it follows very easy method to complete the production process. 1500 shuttle and 250 shuttles-less weaving machine is used in weaving cotton gray and madras check fabric. Weaving back process Yarn –dying, sizing, checking design included to speed up and quality control. It produce two types of lungi. First type needs not to dyeing because it’s color is determined by yarn color. That means this type of Lungi’s color is automated by the color. The second type of Lungi need dying. Because, it is made from the fabric. The fabric needs dying. Dyeing: Modern overflow and Jet dyeing machinery is used in latest rotary and flat bed printing process. 200000 y ds per week production capacity is running at 90% efficiency. Also traditional batik print is its specialty. 4. 18: Problems occurring in SCM and remedial measures of ATM: According to the second and third objective of the study, there is a discussion here about problems and remedial measures of SCM of ATM faced by the various participants in the factory. Actually, problems occur in different sector of activities and the remedial measures are suggested by the various participants work in the sectors concern. These are narrated in below. Yarn Faults Some commonly occurring yarn faults and the methods of controlling them are as follows: a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Slubs: Slubs are fish shaped thick places from 1 cm. to 4 cm. long and about 5-8 times larger than the average yarn diameter at the thickest portion. Slubs formed earlier stages due to poor drafting would get substantially elongated during I ring frame drafting and would get appear as slubs in the yarn. It  can be controlled in carding stage and then Ring frame. b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cracders: Crackers are short coil-like places in the yarn. Cracker occurs frequently in polyester or polyester-cotton yarns. Remedial steps: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Increase top arm pressure 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Use large diameter and narrow width top rollers 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ensure that the traverse motion functions properly 4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Use of wider apron spacers 5)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Increase breaks draft 6)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reduce twist in roving 7)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wider back zone setting 8)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Use of heavier traveler 9)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Avoid stopping of ring frames. )  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Spinner’s doubles: This fault consists of the yarn becoming double in its thickest at some portions. Causes: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rove from an inter bobbin in the creel at ring frame going along with the neighboring end. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The ring frame tenter permitting doubled rove to be fed into the d rafting system at the time of replacing a near empty inter bobbin in the creel. 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The strand issuing from the front rollers at ring frames going along with an adjacent end on the ring bobbin. Remedy: The ring frame tenter should be trained to replace the creel bobbin with a roper piecing of the rove and not by letting the fresh rove overlap with the in going rove at the feed. To transfer the lap from the lap pin to a lap rod to suitably handle and feed it to the subsequent m/c (carding) Action of Blow Room Line: 1. Action of opposing spikes 2. Action of air currents 3. Action of beaters 4. Regulating Action Wastage in Blow Room: 1. Droppings 2. Dust 3. Filter waste Faults in Blow: 1. Irregular lap 2. Knocking off before completion of full lap 3. Rough appearances of full lap 4. Lap sheet thicker at one side than at the others 5. Soft lap 6. Lap licking 7. Droppings under beater ;amp; grid bars. . Formation of conical lap 9. Formation of conical lap 10. Barrel shaped lap 11. Ragged lap selvedges. Types of Beater in Blow room: 1. Porcupine beater 2. Bladed beater l 3. Krishna beater Carding: Objects of carding m/c: 1. To open the tuft of fibers 2. To make the fibers parallel ;amp; straight 3. To remove remaining trash particles 4. To remove short fibers 5. To remove naps 6. To produce a rove like fiber called sliver, which is uniform in per unit length Main actions of carding machine: 1. Action between feed roller ;amp; taker 2. Action between taker in and cylinder 3. Action between cylinder and flat . Action between cylinder and doffer Useful sliver hanks of different counts: Count of yarn:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   10s,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   20s,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   32s,  Ã‚  Ã‚   40s,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   60s,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   80s Hank of carded sliver:  Ã‚  Ã‚   0. 125,  Ã‚   0. 125,   0. 13,  Ã‚   0. 135,   0. 145,   0. 165 Wastage in carding: 1. Taker in waste 2. Flat strip 3. Motes ;amp; fli es 4. Sliver cut 5. Filter waste Draw Frame: Objects of draw frame 1. Straightening of crimped and hooked fibers 2. Paralleling of fibers 3. to produce more uniform of sliver of definite wt. / yd 4. To reduce the wt. /yard of materials fed. 5. To make perfect blending / mixing of the component fibers Wastage in Draw frame 1. Filter waste 2. Clearer waste 3. Sliver cut Comber: Objects of Comber 1. To remove the fibers shorter than a predetermined length 2. To remove remaining impurities in the comber lap 3. To remove naps in the carded sliver. 4. To make the fibers more parallel and straight 5. To produce a uniform sliver of required per unit length. Necessity of Combing: 1. Clean fiber 2. Uniformity in length of fiber 3. Absence of naps 4. More parallel arrangement of fibers 5. Straight fibers The above quality of fibers can only be obtained by combing. Speed Frame: Objects of Speed frame: 1. Attenuation of draw sliver to a suitable size for spinning 2. To insert a small amount of twist to strengthen the roving 3. To wind the twisted strand roving into a bobbin Operation involved in speed frame: 1. Drafting 2. Twisting 3. Laying out 4. Winding 5. Building motion Winding: If spinning tension is grater than yarn strength in Ring frame, then end breakage is occurred and also due to roller lapping A. Technological causes B. Mechanical causes A. Technological causes: 1. Insufficient twist in yarn 2. If travelers fly off. 3. Subbing through 4. Stretched roving 5. Faulty drafting roller setting 6. Faulty Traveler selection 7. Excessive yarn tension 8. Improper atmospheric conditions B. Mechanical Causes: 1. Faulty drafting system 2. Worn out ring and traveler 3. Faulty gear and wheels 4. Worn out top rollers 5. Faulty apron 6. Spindle vibration 7. Eccentric ring Remedy: Both the Technical and Mechanical causes should be taken into account and be careful while winding. Chapter Five: Summary This chapter will discuss about some recommendations to conclude the study. According to the last objective of the study, it is needed to design a conclusion providing some recommendation to solve the problems identified. In former portion of the study, some problems are shown regarding the SCM activities of the ATM. Some recommendation are narrated in below- 5. 1: RECOMMENDATIONS I have found a fewer number of factors, which impede the achievement of ultimate goals of Alaudding Textile (pvt. ) Mills Limited. It is not easy to find out the solution by only three months internship. But it can be said that the suggestions mentioned below will obviously increase the efficiency of ATM Limited. 1. Shippers must ship the consignment of cotton within the stipulated date as mentioned in the Letter of credit. Delay in shipment shall be entertained without prior approval of the buyer for extension of shipment date. 2. Government should reduce tax and tariff on Textile spares, Textile dyes, Chemical and sizing materials. 3. A committee be formed with members from various importing and exporting countries to review the existing rules and procedures and suggest reformulation of mew rules due to changes that are being taken place in World Trade. 4. Arbitration Board to be reconstituted with members from buyers and sellers country and one to be inducted on the recommendation of ICA. . Arbitration to be held in the country of buyer. 6. Compensation to be paid due to supply of inferior quality cotton should be fixed on the basis of nominal rate fixed by ICA from time to time. 7. Membership fees should be reduced to attract more individual members. 8. The Spinning sector offers lower interest rate on long term and working capital. 9. The compensation as well the benefit package will restrain the e mployees to leave their assignment and go for any employee movement for higher benefit packages. 0. The Sector should prosper in a situation of political stability and a congenial business environment. Political turmoil and the disturbance are bad for the economy and so also for us. So, Proper steps should be taken by the government to keep this sector free from politics. Finally, the project should be equipped with world’s modern and latest machinery and  Ã‚  Ã‚  technology to cope with the pace in harmony with modern textile world. The Company should situate at a high land where less record of flood. The factory building should have strong RCC foundation, RCC floor, pre-fabricated steel structure to withstand wind, storm, rain etc. along with good drainage facility. 5. 2: Conclusion Sophisticated technology and high thought laboratories have been introduce in the production process, which brought new dimension in the purchasing, procuring, storing and maintaining supplies and inventories. The improved transportation and communication as well as competitors threat has made the issue more challenging and competitive. Thus, the usage and need for supply chain management are increasing dramatically. Further, global competitions require the companies’ continuous response to the customer with new products and replace those that become obsolescence, for these reason companies are combating to find new suppliers and building strong and long-term relationship with them. Hence, managers must have to very rational, logical and sensitive in designing and implementing proper supply chain management in order fight and compete against competitors and attaining organizational goals. Before selecting a supplier, a firm must decide whether it will use single sourcing or will have multiple suppliers from which to source the product. Single sourcing is used to guarantee the supplier sufficient business when the supplier has to make a significant buyer-specific investment. Once suppliers have been select, contracts have to be structured between the buyer and each supplier. Supply chains can influence demand by using pricing and other forms of promotion. Marketing and sales often make the promotion and pricing decisions and they typically make them with the objective of maximizing revenue. Pricing decisions based on revenue considerations often result in a decrease in overall profitability Chapter six: Reference References:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Krajewski and Ritzman, Operations Management- strategy and analysis, 6th Edition ? Sunil Chopra, and Peter Meindl, Supply Chain Management- strategy, planning and operation, 2nd Edition ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Khan ;amp; jain(2004), Financial Management-text ;amp; Problem,3rd edition, p. g 4. 1-4. 57 ? Prospectus of ATM, published on 18 September-2008. ?   http://www . itwm. fraunhofer. de/zentral/download/berichte/bericht26. pdf. ?   http://bgmea. com. bd/index. php? option=com_content;amp;task=view;amp;id=12;amp;Itemid=26 ? www. atmbd. com prospectus ?   http://66. 102. 1. 104/scholar? hl=en;amp;lr=;amp;q=cache:OKTGNo7eptwJ:unnayan. rg/Solidarity_Forum/Spinning_the_Chain_Lost_in_the_Queue. pdf+spinning+sector+of+Bangladesh Chapter Seven: Bibliography 7. 1: Bibliography A research was conducted in Makson Spinning mills Ltd by Student of BRAC University in Bangladesh:Prospectus of MSML, published on 18 September-2008 By  Abu Zafour : Problems and Prospect of Garments Industry in Bangladesh (Part-7) Published 19 October 2009. By Kazi Anwarul Masud: istudy of Bangladesh Economy- Problems ;amp; Prospects with garments and textile industries- Part II on march 2010, the economic philosophy of textile industries in Bangladesh. Draft final report on the situation of Bangladesh silk Industry-By The dyeing and finishing. Graham Heaslip: Strategy, Planning and Operation of textile Industries (School of Business and Humanities) 2007. Ning Cao, Zhiming Zhang, Chester To and Roger Ng : â€Å"Supply Chain Management Practice and Competitive Advantage in Textile and Apparel Industries† (Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University) Pankage Chandra: â€Å"The Textile and Apparel Industry in Indian,† in The Oxford Companion to Economics in India, 2007. Professor of Operations ;amp; Technology Management)Manufacturing management; Supply chain coordination; Building technological capabilities; Hi-tech entrepreneurship in his research. Prof. Atanu Ghosh : â€Å"Supply Chain for the Apparel Industry – Some Tips†Ã‚  was  published in RETAIL e-LETTER of the Retail Vision Group, Issue No. 21, 20th November 2003. Regarding textile industries SCM practices. Stanton, J, Willian, Michael J Etzel ;amp; Bruce J Walker, Fundamentals of Marketing, McGrow Hill, intentional Book Company, London. Chapter Eight: Appendices Questionnaire for the members participating in inbound activities Dear Sir, I am a student of BBA program, Rajshahi University, is undertaking an academic internship program on the topic -â€Å"Supply chain management of ATM Pvt. Ltd. : A critical analysis† for this I need your sincerely co-operation in filling the following questionnaire, I assure that the information provided by you will be kept confidential anonymous and will be used for academic purpose only. Please give your agreement about flowing question carefully and give your answer. 1. What is the SCM system in this company? 2. What is the SCM managing policy? 3. What is the importance of IT in SCM in textile? . What is raw material used by ATM? Types of raw material? 5. Import of raw material. 6. How do you select suppliers and who are the suppliers? 7. Which are Banks involved in Import? 8. Process of raw material. 9. Is there any Safety management in production? If, yes, how? 10. Spare parts used in production 11. How is yarn constructed by this company? 12. Spinning system of this mill. 13. Weaving system of this mill. 14. Does Company maintain a good working environment? If yes why? 15. Does the company timely pay salary? 16. Inter-communication system among the department of the company. 7. Are all the SCM members co-operating to each other? 18. All the SCM members are contributing in creating companies goodwill. 19. Supplier supply materials properly. 20. Is Storage capacity of the company enough? 21. Does Company maintain proper inventory management? 22. Does The Company train the SCM members in adapting new equipment? 23. Are you satisfied about the company’s performance? Questionnaire for customer Dear Sir, I am a student of BBA program, Rajshahi University, is undertaking an academic internship program on the topic -â€Å"Supply chain management of ATM Pvt. Ltd. : A critical analysis† for this I need your sincerely co-operation in filling the following questionnaire, I assure that the information provided by you will be kept confidential anonymous and will be used for academic purpose only. (Please indicate your satisfaction level about companies’ activities. ) 1. How much satisfied about companies’ communication system? i) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 2. What is your opinion about price of the product? ) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 3. Satisfaction level about quality maintaining of the company. i) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 4. Satisfaction level of product delivery time. i) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neith er satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 5. Providing transportation facilities of the company is? ) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 6. How much satisfied about compensation of defect product claim Maintaining? i) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 7. Customer and company co-relationship level is? i) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 8. Supply of product in the market is? i) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 9. Satisfaction about the availability Product varieties in market? i) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied. 10. Satisfaction level regarding order receiving system. i) Very dissatisfied ii) Somewhat dissatisfied iii) neither satisfied nor dissatisfied iv) Somewhat satisfied v) Very satisfied How to cite Supply Cahin Management of Alauddin Textile Mills (Pvt.) Limited, Papers